地铁深基坑变形规律参数化方法探讨

在对基坑隆起、基坑围护桩体水平变形以及基坑周边地表沉降产生机理、变形规律和影响因素分析的基础上,提出各测项的变形模式：基坑隆起为抛物线模式,围护桩体水平变形和基坑周边地表沉降为双直线模式.变形模式中的参数取值与基坑条件（包括工程、水文地质条件、岩土体物理力学性质、支护结构形式等）存在对应关系.给出了以监测数据为基础的各变形模式参数的线性回归方法,为建立以回归参数控制的预测分析库奠定基础.     

不同生长期和磷浓度下砷酸盐对铜绿微囊藻生长及砷吸收的影响

为了查明As(V)对不同生长期铜绿微囊藻生长和砷吸收的影响,分别在铜绿微囊藻的不同生长期,在低磷(0.02 mg·L~(-1))、中磷(0.1mg·L~(-1))和高磷(0.5 mg·L~(-1))水平,以及不同As(V)浓度下开展全因子室内模拟实验.结果表明,延缓期时,3个磷浓度下,As(V)添加均显著促进藻的生长,与对照组(CK)相比,平均生长速率(μ2d,下同)增长21.49%~32.23%,但不同砷处理浓度之间无显著性差异;同一砷浓度处理时,磷浓度梯度变化对藻的生长也无显著性影响.指数增长期时,As(V)添加均显著抑制藻的生长,其中,低磷浓度条件下的抑制作用最强,与CK相比,μ2d降低42.35%~106.30%,且随砷浓度升高呈线性下降,而中磷和高磷浓度下砷处理浓度之间无显著性差异.稳定期时,砷处理对藻的生长影响表现为逐渐升高的抑制作用(负生长速率值),其中,中磷浓度条件下抑制效应最高,与CK相比,μ2d降低1387%~3181%,高磷浓度条件下抑制效应最低,μ2d降低15.53%~378.00%.指数增长期和稳定期胞内砷含量结果表明,低磷浓度下不同生长期As(V)添加均显著促进藻细胞对砷的吸收,胞内砷含量大致随砷处理浓度增加而线性增长,而中磷和高磷浓度时藻细胞吸收砷的效应显著减弱,在指数增长期时则基本无效应,即磷对藻吸收砷具有显著的抑制作用.中磷和高磷浓度下,处于延缓期的铜绿微囊藻胞内砷含量高于处于指数增长期胞内砷含量,反映了藻类爆发时对砷的快速代谢外排特征.本研究成果可为认识砷污染与湖泊富营养化之间的相互作用提供科学基础.     

滇池污染状况及对策建议

滇池是中国水体富营养化程度最为严重的湖泊之一,不仅制约了昆明市乃至整个云南省社会经济的可持续发展,而且严重影响了其流域数百万人民的生活质量,受到国家和云南省政府的高度重视．通过对滇池现在的数据进行多元回归分析,建立回归模型。对过去的数据同现在数据进行比较,分析出滇池污染物的现状及趋势,以及控制水体富营养化的建议。     

Microenvironmental time-activity patterns in Chongqing, China

An investigation using recall questionnaires was conducted in winter and autumn 2006 to evaluate the time-activity patterns in Chongqing, China. The average time spent in seven microenvironments (MEs) including outdoors, transit, living room, bedroom, kitchen, classroom/office, and other indoors were found to be about 3.5, 1.1, 2.5, 9.7, 1.4, 4.2, and 1.7 h per day, respectively. According to the results of a nonparametric test, the sampling period and day of week were significant for the variation of the time spent in all MEs except for transit and outdoors. The time budget was analyzed using a general linear model (GLM), which exhibited significant variability by demographic factors such as gender, age, residence, education, and household income.     

利用小样本数据预处理技术提高效能指标精度

提出了运用熵值判别法和线性均方估计法来处理小样本数据的方法.熵值判别法是根据熵的上界对应最大的不确定度,利用所得数据的熵信息量判别数据是否含有粗大误差;线性均方估计消除粗大误差是一种采用软化的方法处理粗大误差.经过多次试验,结果表明这两种方法在处理小样本采样数据时能够有效地提高数据精度.     

Total mercury in wild fish in Guizhou reservoirs, China

The health hazard of mercury (Hg) compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury (MeHg) intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases of Hg to the environment in China, combined with the fast development of hydropower, this issue deserves attention. Provided similar mobilization pathways of Hg in China as seen in reservoirs in North America and Europe one should expect increased Hg contamination in relation to future hydropower reservoir construction in this country. This study presents total Hg (THg) concentrations in wild fish from six Guizhou reservoirs, China. The THg concentrations in fish were generally low despite high background levels in the bedrock and depositions from local point sources. The over all mean ± SD concentration of THg was (0.066 ± 0.078) μg/g (n = 235). After adjusting for among-reservoir variation in THg, there were significant differences in THg among functional groups of the fish, assumed to re?ect trophic levels. Predicted THg- concentration ratios, retrieved from a mixed linear model, between the functional groups were 9:4:4:1 for carnivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous and herbivorous fish. This result indicated that MeHg accumulation may prevail even under circumstances with short food chains as in this Chinese water system. No fish exceeded recommended maximum THg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization and the Standardization Administration of China (0.5 μg/g fish wet weight (ww)). Only six fish (2.5%) exceeded the maximum THg limit set by US Environmental Protection Agency (0.3 μg/g fish ww).     

直链烷基苯磺酸钠在厌氧-缺氧-好氧污水处理系统中的迁移转化规律

研究了城市污水处理系统对直链烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）的去除特性.在厌氧-缺氧-好氧条件下,进行了相应的序批式试验,确定了水相和泥相中LAS降解的动力学参数,建立了LAS在厌氧-缺氧-好氧状态下的去除动力学模型（考虑吸附作用）,并对模型预测的结果与实际测量值进行了比较.结果表明,在不同的泥龄下,LAS 在AAO系统中去除率达到99%,出水中只含微量的LAS（0～20　μg·L^-1）.厌氧池、缺氧池及好氧池LAS污泥吸附量分别为490～710、280～390、69～109　μg·g^-1.序批式动力学降解试验还表明,厌氧去除速率系数K_厌、缺氧的去除速率系数K_缺与好氧的去除速率常数的比值分别为0.67和0.71,说明在同一污泥系统的厌氧和缺氧条件下,LAS也能被较好的降解.模型得到的各池混合液出水中LAS的浓度模拟结果与实测结果符合较好(误差<8%).     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feeding biological nitrogen removal process

The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step-feeding biological nitrogen removal process were investigated under different influent substrate concentrations and aeration flow rates.Biological occunenee of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was verified in the aspect of nitrogen mass balance and alkalinity.The experimental results also showed that there was a distinct linear relationship between simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and DO concentration under the conditions of low and high aeration flow rate.In each experimental run the floc sizes of activated sludge were also measured and the results showed that simultaneous nitrification and denitriflcation could occur with very small size of floc.     

基于AHP-LP法的南水北调中线水资源优化配置——以河北省受水区为例

水资源是不可替代的重要自然资源和战略性经济资源,水资源优化配置是解决水资源问题的重要手段.为促进区域水资源供需状况相对平衡,按可持续发展的要求,根据区域水资源优化配置的含义和南水北调河北省受水区的具体情况,以有限水资源综合效益最大为目标,考虑水源可供水量、用户需水量和水环境与经济系统协调发展等约束,采用层次分析法与线性规划法相结合的方法,建立了水资源优化配置模型,并对模型的目标函数、约束条件和主要参数确定进行了初步探讨.最后用该模型进行了南水北调河北省受水区2005年和2010年95%保证率下的水资源优化配置研究,并对求解结果进行了分析、评价及展望.结果表明,南水北调工程实施后,能够解决河北省受水区严重缺水的状况.     

神经网络模型在O_3浓度预测中的应用

O3是近地面大气中一种重要的二次污染物.本研究采用神经网络多层感知器（Multi-Layer Perceptron）和多元线性回归2种模型,以广州万顷沙站2006年的气象观测数据为输入,对该站O3的1 h平均峰值浓度进行提前1 d的预测,并比较了2种模型的预测效果.模型的输入参数为前1d O3的最高1h平均浓度和第二天...