Investigation on the adsorption capability of egg shell membrane towards model textile dyes

Adsorption isotherms of Direct Red 80 (DR80) and Acid Blue 25 (AB25) on the egg shell membrane (ESM) were performed at 20 ± 1 °C. Physical characteristics of ESM such as surface area and presence of functional groups were verified. The Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra proved the presence of fuctional groups such as hydroxyl, amine and carbonyl groups in ESM. The surface area of ESM was found to be 2.2098 m²/g. The effects of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH₀, contact time, particle size and ESM doses were studied. The Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Redlich-Peterson and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models were examined to evaluate the kinetics data at different pH₀ values (2–12) and the rate constants were calculated. Maximum desorption of 81.8% was achieved for both dyes in aqueous solution at pH₀ 12. Also scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the treated and untreated adsorbent were performed. Results indicate that ESM could be employed as a natural and Eco-Friendly adsorbent material for the removal of trace organics in solutions.     

Pyrrolidinium Imides: Promising Ionic Liquids for Direct Capture of Elemental Mercury from Flue Gas

A new approach to vapor phase elemental mercury capture has been explored; this approach exploits an ionic liquid coating layer to oxidize elemental mercury for subsequent immobilization by chelating ligands. The room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (P₁₄) was selected for study based on its oxidation potential window, thermal stability, and low vapor pressure. Tests were also completed in which KMnO₄ was added to P₁₄ to form a new ionic liquid, P₁₄–KMnO₄, with a higher oxidation potential. In room-temperature bulk liquid phase capture experiments, 59% of the elemental mercury in the inlet gas was captured using P₁₄ alone; mercury capture using P₁₄–KMnO₄ was quantitative. P₁₄ and P₁₄–KMnO₄ coatings were successfully applied to mesoporous silica substrates and to silica substrates functionalized with mercury chelating ligands. The coating layers were found to be thermally stable up to 300°C. Fixed-bed tests of nonfunctionalized silica coated with P₁₄ showed an elemental mercury uptake of 2.7 mg/g adsorbent at 160°C; at the same temperature, functionalized silica coated with P₁₄–KMnO₄ showed an elemental mercury capacity of at least 7.2 mg/g adsorbent, several times higher than that of activated carbon. The empty bed gas residence time in these tests was 0.04 s. A chelating adsorbent incorporating P₁₄ in the coating layer, may be capable of simultaneous removal of elemental and oxidized mercury from coal combustion flue gases.     

等离子体联合技术处理挥发性有机化合物废气的研究进展

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）废气污染面广、气量大、浓度低，含VOCs废气的排放将会受到越来越严格的控制，需要不断研究开发新的VOCs废气处理技术。等离子体联合技术具有多功能作用的效果，对污染物的降解率、能量利用率及对污染物的选择性均高于单一的等离子体技术。综述了等离子体与吸附剂、催化剂、铁电性物质联合处理VOCs废气技术的研究进展，展望了该技术的发展方向。     

壳聚糖复合吸附剂对油的吸附性能

以天然可生物降解的壳聚糖和硬脂酸为原料,通过壳聚糖2位氨基与硬脂酸的羧基相互作用,引入疏水烷基链,制备了疏水的壳聚糖-硬脂酸复合吸附剂(简称复合吸附剂),采用傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射对复合吸附剂的结构进行表征,并考察了复合吸附剂对油的回收性能.实验结果表明:壳聚糖和硬脂酸以离子形式结合得到复合吸附剂;当硬脂酸与壳聚糖质量比为0.7时,硬脂酸的结合量最大;复合吸附剂对油的吸附量、保油率、脱附率的顺序分别为花生油(14.93 g/g)>甲基硅油(10.71 g/g)>液体石蜡(9.37 g/g),花生油(94.51%)>液体石蜡(90.74%)>甲基硅油(78.69%),花生油(95.62%)>液体石蜡(93.27%)>甲基硅油(90.73%).     

农作物秸秆酶解与磷细菌肥的生产

以农作物秸秆为酶水解原料 ,用纤维素酶进行酶水解 ,水解液用于培养磷细菌肥生产菌 ,再用粉碎至一定粒度的作物秸秆对培养菌液进行吸附。实验结果表明 ,经酶解得到的水解液在添加一定的辅料后 ,可以作为培养磷细菌的料液。适宜条件下 ,菌量可达 5 1× 1 0 8/ml。     

DCL型燃煤固硫剂固硫技术在广州石化热电站的应用

随着环保要求的日趋严格，燃煤锅炉的脱硫已势在必行，DCL型燃煤固硫剂脱硫技术是中科院“九五攻关”项目之一，其技术原理是通过添加助剂提高固硫剂的吸附表面及其活性，同时将SO2转化为SO3或使MeSO3转化为MeSO4，从而使CaO固硫率大大提高，本文介绍了DCL型燃煤固硫的技术特点，因硫原理，固硫工艺和固硫设备及其在广州石化热电站的应用效果，通过运行数据分析和成本比较，证实DCL固硫剂固硫技术的适用性。     

生物质吸附剂处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用城市污水处理厂二沉池的剩余活性污泥为原料，以浓度为3mol／L的ZnCl2溶液浸泡污泥，采用水蒸气为活化气和保护气，在600℃下活化污泥3h，制备出性能良好的生物质吸附剂，其碘吸附值为388．95mg／g，比表面积为447．79m^2／g，平均孔径为4．39nm，孔体积为0．31cm^3／g，微孔体积为0．09cm^3/g。实验结果表明，用该生物质吸附剂处理活性艳红X-3B废水，在废水（10mL）中活性艳红X-3B质量浓度为300mg／L、生物质吸附剂加入量为0．20g、吸附时间为30min的条件下，废水脱色率可达99．7％。活性艳红X-3B在生物质吸附剂上的吸附行为遵循Lagergren二级动力学规律，同时也可用一级吸附动力学方程描述。     

Adsorption enhancement of laterally interacting phenol/aniline mixtures onto nonpolar adsorbents

Adsorption equilibria of phenol and aniline onto nonpolar macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single and binary-solute aqueous systems at 293 K and 313 K. All adsorption isotherms can be well represented by the Langmuir equation. Larger uptake of aniline than phenol onto all the adsorbents probably results from the higher hydrophobicity of the former compound as well as the greater electronic density of the aromatic ring of aniline. It is interestingly observed that at a relatively high loading, the total uptake of phenol and aniline in a binary system is remarkably higher than those in a single system. Such uptake difference was elucidated by the cooperative effect arising from the lateral acid–base interaction between the loaded phenol and aniline molecules. Moreover, larger average pore size of the adsorbent is found to result in a greater cooperative coefficient, as observed from the equimolar phenol/aniline adsorption system.     

木浆造纸黑液酸析木质素后滤液的处理工艺初探研究

采用不同的吸附剂对木浆造纸黑液酸析木质素后的滤液进行吸附处理研究,并测定其CODcr去除率和脱色率。对滤液原料(2#)的吸附工艺条件进行了考察。结果表明,在四种吸附剂中,粉末活性炭的吸附性能最好。采用粉末活性炭作为吸附剂处理滤液原料(2#)较好工艺条件为:用量为6 g,吸附时间为2.5 h~3 h,吸附温度为60℃。     

吸附法处理含砷废水的研究进展

水体砷污染严重威胁着人类健康和生态系统,砷污染防治成为全球性环境问题,含砷水处理受到人们的普遍关注.与其它除砷方法相比较,吸附法具有去除效率高,稳定性好,不产生或很少产生二次污染,吸附剂可重复使用等优点,因而备受青睐.本文简要介绍了吸附法除砷的原理与特点,重点综述了矿物质、活性炭、金属(氢)氧化物、生物吸附剂、离子交换...