大气污染控制中高梯度磁分离技术的研究与应用

概述了高梯度磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫除灰、烟气除尘方面的应用与研究进展以及超导磁分离技术在燃煤脱硫方面的研究，并展望了超导磁分离技术在环境保护中的应用前景。     

非均相活化剂磁性纳米CoFe2O4的制备及其活性评价

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了磁性纳米铁酸钴（CoFe₂O₄）固体颗粒，并采用扫描电镜（SEM），X射线衍射仪（XRD），傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和振动样品磁强计对样品进行表征分析.以磁性纳米CoFe₂O₄颗粒活化过硫酸盐氧化去除水中四环素为探针反应，评价CoFe₂O₄颗粒的活化性能.结果表明，600℃焙烧温度下制备出的固体颗粒，其活性较高，颗粒表面金属离子浸出率较低；优化温度下制备的CoFe₂O₄颗粒在较宽的pH值范围（4.4~9.0）内均具有较高活性；控制实验条件PDS₀ 1g/L，CoFe₂O₄ 1g/L，TCH₀ 50mg/L，20℃，pH₀ 4.4，反应4h后TCH去除率达到82.0%.CoFe₂O₄颗粒循环重复利用10次后仍保持较高的活性和结构稳定性，而且因其特殊的磁性能便于回收利用.     

新疆喀纳斯景区道路灰尘的磁学特征及环境意义

为了验证环境磁学方法监测旅游景区道路灰尘环境的可行性，以新疆喀纳斯5A级景区道路灰尘为研究对象，采用磁测和统计方法对其进行磁学特征、空间变异特征及环境意义研究。结果显示，道路灰尘样品磁性矿物含量偏高；载磁矿物以亚铁磁性矿物为主，同时含有一些不完全反铁磁性矿物；磁性矿物粒度主要是多畴和稳定单畴粗颗粒；考虑到研究区远离工业区、城市等污染源，景区道路灰尘样品磁性增强主要来自旅游交通活动输入的磁性污染物颗粒，其次来自路旁表土和自然大气降尘；从道路样品磁性参数的空间分布看，χ_LF、SIRM、SOFT的空间变化趋势类似，高值区位于景区换乘中心，中值区出现在湖口区域和通往新村和观鱼亭的主干道，低值区分布在新村和通往湖口别墅区的主干道。景区不同道路旅游交通流量和强度是形成磁性特征空间分布格局的主因。研究发现，环境磁学方法基本具备大范围监测景区道路环境质量、圈定潜在污染范围和判别污染物来源的潜力，可以为景区道路交通污染防治提供参考依据。     

A shell-based magnetic field model for magnetic proximity detection systems

Several magnetic proximity detection systems have been developed for mining vehicles and mobile machinery to protect nearby workers. Magnetic field generators are often used in these systems to establish magnetic fields around the equipment. A sensor worn by a worker provides a measurement of the magnetic flux density that is used to estimate the proximity to the machine. The proximity detection systems currently available for underground mining equipment are capable of identifying whether a worker is near the machine. However, it is a challenge for these systems to accurately locate the worker. Mining machines, which have fast-moving, articulated parts, present hazards that change depending on the situation at hand as well as the specific location of the worker. In addition, the dynamic nature and confined spaces of the mining environment often demand that the workers be close to the machinery. Therefore, in many cases, simply knowing the proximity of a worker may be inadequate. To provide the most effective protection, it would be advantageous to know the worker’s exact location relative to specific parts of the machine. To lay the foundation for measuring such a location, we have developed a shell-based model of the magnetic flux density distribution for a ferrite-cored generator. This paper will present an analysis of the model along with a model construction process. Also presented are the laboratory test results of a prototype system that implements this model to determine the exact location of a magnetic sensor using the fields from two generators.     

基于磁记忆检测方法的连续油管刻伤试验研究

随着连续油管的大规模投入使用,油管损伤引起的安全事故与日俱增。为了及时对油管使用过程中产生的缺陷进行检测、识别及定位,基于磁记忆检测方法,对连续油管进行管壁刻伤试验,结合workbench有限元方法模拟刻伤处的应力分布,对比分析不同刻伤类型产生的典型信号特征及信号特征值变化趋势。结果表明:刻伤部位的磁记忆信号曲线与应力分布曲线的特征及峰值变化趋势一致,随着刻伤宽度的增加,磁记忆信号曲线及应力分布曲线由单峰向双峰过渡,磁记忆信号峰值及应力峰值呈降低趋势;随着刻伤深度的增加,磁记忆信号曲线及应力分布曲线峰峰值增加,磁记忆信号峰值及应力峰值呈升高趋势。     

氨基修饰磁性氧化石墨烯吸附离子型染料性能

采用恒温搅拌法和水热法首次制备磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯（M-T-GO）,并通过SEM和XPS对M-T-GO进行表征.以M-T-GO为吸附剂,分析pH值、吸附时间和初始浓度对阴离子染料酒石黄（TY）和阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB）吸附效果的影响.并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行拟合.结果表明：M-T-GO对离子型染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式和拟二级反应动力学描述.M-T-GO对TY和MB具有较好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量分别为157.23mg/g和169.49mg/g.与GO相比,M-T-GO对离子型染料的吸附效果更优异,同时具有快速分离和易再生的优点.     

常介孔型磁性离子交换树脂的制备及其效能——针对典型藻源含氮有机物

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,利用单体聚合法制备了介孔型磁性离子交换树脂(m-MIER),并在表征其基本性状的基础上,初步分析了其对典型藻源含氮有机物(藻蓝蛋白、氨基酸)的去除效能.为便于比较,研究过程中同步进行了磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX^®)的研究.研究结果表明,m-MIER是以氯为交换基团的介孔型材料,其孔径为2~60nm;与MIEX^®相比,m-MIER具有相似的湿视密度、粒径,更丰富的孔隙结构、更大的交换容量(1.15g/cm³, 150~200 μm, 0.1852cm³/g, 3.16mmol/g Vs 1.20g/cm³, 150~180 μm, 0.0184cm³/g, 2.23mmol/g);XPS图谱分析结果表明其内核成分主要为Fe₃O₄,且为季胺型阴离子交换树脂.针对藻源含氮有机物的去除结果表明,m-MIER对藻蓝蛋白、特定氨基酸的去除效果明显优于MIEX^®,且去除效果与氨基酸的种类显著相关.     

Modeling of adsorption isotherms and kinetics of uranium sorption by magnetic ion imprinted polymers

Application of magnetic U(VI) ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) coated on magnetic nanoparticles was investigated for pre-concentration and determination of U(VI) ions in aqueous solutions. The scanning electron micrographs revealed the microporosity of the adsorbent. Uranium leaching was successful as the energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area improved by more than 13-fold (83.1 and 6.2 m² g^?1 for the leached and unleached magnetic IIP, respectively). U(VI) uptake was optimized using batch experiments with parameters affecting the uptake performance, such as initial uranium concentration, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose investigated. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of uranium onto the activated magnetic IIP reached 5.4 mg g^?1. The selectivity order was determined to be U(VI) > Ni(II) > Th(IV).     

磁性硅基介孔材料对水中微囊藻毒素的吸附研究

采用水热合成法可控合成了磁性Fe 3O 4@SiO 2和Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@Cu^2+球状核壳介孔材料,研究了模板剂的种类及去除方式对形貌的影响,并将材料用作固相萃取剂选择性吸附水中微囊藻毒素,结合高效液相色谱定量分析来研究其对MC-LR的吸附性能。实验表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)模板剂更有利于壳层的形成,3次乙醇振荡萃取的方式对于两种材料均可达到很好的模板剂去除效果,对MC-LR的吸附率分别达到85%和95%以上,而马弗炉煅烧方式则适用于Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@Cu^2+介孔材料的制备。太湖水样中MC-LR的去除实验表明,两种材料能够很好地应用于实际水样处理。