二甲基硫的海-气通量及其对环境的影响

综述了目前国内外对二甲基硫（DMS）的海一气通量的研究状况，指出了DMS的海一气通量受很多因素的影响。运用不同的模型计算值相差很大。此外本文着重论述DMS进入大气后被OH和NO3等自由基的氧化机化及其氧化产物对酸雨酸雾的贡献以及DMS、凝云结核（CCN）、气候 系统之间的关系。     

藻类－卤虫－对虾系统深度处理含盐含汞化工废水的模拟试验研究

利用藻类－卤虫－对虾系统深度处理含盐含汞化工废水的模拟试验研究表明，该系统对ＢＯＤ５和ＣＯＤ去除率分别达９５．５％和８０．０％，对ＰＯ４＾２－和Ｈｇ＾２＋去除率都在９８％以上。在卤虫密度５２．１个／Ｌ和３６．０个／Ｌ，藻类密度２５７２５．８万个／Ｌ和２０９２４．９万个／Ｌ，水中汞能被不同营养等级的生物累积，在水中汞浓度１．０×１０＾２－７．８×１０＾３和２．１０×１０＾２－１．０４×１０＾４；卤虫     

藻细胞膜电信号对重金属的快速反应研究

为探讨藻细胞膜电信号对重金属离子的响应特征,运用细胞外表面技术和电化学方法研究了淡水藻——大型轮藻(Nitellaflexilis)藻细胞膜电位和膜电阻对汞、镉、铅的快速反应.结果表明,细胞膜电位和膜电阻对汞、镉响应灵敏且快速,30min内即对1μmol·L-1Hg2+、Cd2+表现出超极化和膜电阻增大反应,而5、10μmol·L-1Hg2+、Cd2+则在15min内引起细胞去极化、膜电阻减小,且剂量效应显著.细胞膜电信号对Pb2+的响应浓度为100μmol·L-1,30min内细胞先去极化后超极化,膜电阻持续增大.重金属作用前后相比,高浓度Hg2+、Cd2+(5、10μmol·L-1)导致藻细胞不可逆损伤,而其低浓度所致的损伤可恢复.Pb2+致藻细胞不可逆损伤的最低浓度为500μmol·L-1.对比膜电信号对3种离子的响应特点,发现藻细胞膜电位和膜电阻对Hg2+和Cd2+的响应灵敏度大于Pb2+.     

连云港入海河流着生藻类群落特征及其水质评价

于2019年3月和7月对连云港主要入海河流着生藻类群落结构进行了调查，并基于水生态环境质量综合指数对15条入海河流水质进行评价。结果表明，良好以上的断面占总数的66.7%，调查共发现硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻、裸藻、黄藻及金藻共计106种着生藻类，其中春季60种，夏季80种；硅藻为全年优势种。着生藻类全年平均密度为42 266.7 个/cm²，各断面密度差异较大。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）为1.46~392，平均值为2.93，其中夏季H’_平均为3.07，高于春季的2.80，总体呈放置7 d样品多样性高于14 d样品的趋势。     

密云水库浮游藻类和细菌污染现状及趋势分析

为评价密云水库水体富营养化的现状及发展趋势,在水库水面不同方位和不同水深分别布点采样,对水库水质的浮游藻类群落结构、密度和卫生学性状进行了初步监测和评价。结果显示,水体浮游藻类总量有增加趋势,但主要群落结构变化不大,仍以绿藻-硅藻型为主;但蓝藻的比例随水温的增加显著;各项卫生学指标基本在正常范围;同时发现其内湖的蓝藻污染较为严重,对大库区水质形成潜在威胁,应予重视。     

地表水体中藻类的生长对pH值及溶解氧含量的影响

论述了水质富营养化后藻类生长对pH值及DO的影响,并对pH的变化给出了定量公式,对水中藻类的生长给出了pH限值。     

Metal levels in feathers of cormorants, flamingos and gulls from the coast of Namibia in southern Africa

Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, selemium,and tin concentrations were measured in the feathers of Capecormorant (Phalacrocorax capensis), Hartlaubs gull(Larus hartlaubii), kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), andlesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) from the coast ofNamibia in southern Africa. Metal concentrations in feathers represent the concentrations in the blood supply at the time offeather formation. Cape Cormorants are piscivores; kelp gullsare primarily piscivores; Hartlaubs gull is an omnivore; and lesser flamingos eat primarily blue-green algae and invertebrates filtered from the water and sediment ofhypersaline lagoons. We predicted that metal concentrationswould reflect these trophic level differences. There weresignificant species differences in the concentrations of allmetals, with flamingos having the lowest levels, and cormorantshaving the highest levels of 4 metals but not mercury. The gulls hadthe highest levels of mercury, perhaps reflecting their morescavenging behavior.     

催化分光光度法测定环境样品中微量碘

本文介绍一个简单而灵敏的催化分光光度法,用于测定环境样品中微量碘,本法系基于亚硝酸根存在时微量碘离子催化还原硫氰酸铁络含物,并以分光光度计测量该红色络合物的减弱强度,在一定温度时,该络合物的分解速度正比于磺的含量.在给定的实验条件下,磺离子的浓度在0.001-0.024毫克/升之间服从比尔定律. 本法已成功地应用于天然水、土壤、海底泥和海生物中微量磺的测定,结果良好.     

Statistical analyses of coastal water quality for a port and harbour region in India

A long-term study of temperature, pH, turbidity, suspended solid, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen has been performed in a port and harbour region in India for four years from December 1996 to November 2000. Marine water quality results showed no regular trend. The mean monthly values of temperature, pH, turbidity, suspended solid, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen were in the range of 22.64 ± 0.4 to 29.05 ± 1.37 °C; 7.65 ± 0.04 to 7.81 ± 0.13; 28.8 ± 14.7 to 64.2 ± 32.0 NTU; 283.5 ± 81.8 to 356.0 ± 159.7 mg/L; 29.78 ± 7.18 to 29.78 ± 1.04 ppt; 4.67 ± 0.50 to 6.01 ± 1.02 mg/L; 5.41 ± 1.92 to 7.56 ± 2.1 mg/L; and 0.25 ± 0.07 to 0.63 ± 0.49 mg/L, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was inversely correlated dissolved oxygen (DO) and poorly correlated with all other parameters. Turbidity and suspended solid were moderately correlated with each other while salinity was moderately correlated with other water quality parameters. In factor analysis, four factors were drawn out of the eight variables, which represented 74% of the variance of the original data. Factor I was related to suspended solid and turbidity. Factor II represented mainly temperature and DO showing inverse relation between these two. Factor III implied the degree of pollution at any monitoring station. Factor IV included pH and salinity. It could be concluded that the factor model represented almost all the variables.     

Efficiency,costs and trade-offs in marine reserve system design

With marine biodiversity conservation the primary goal for reserve planning initiatives, a site's conservation potential is typically evaluated on the basis of the biological and physical features it contains. By comparison, socio-economic information is seldom a formal consideration of the reserve system design problem and generally limited to an assessment of threats, vulnerability or compatibility with surrounding uses. This is perhaps surprising given broad recognition that the success of reserve establishment is highly dependent on widespread stakeholder and community support. Using information on the spatial distribution and intensity of commercial rock lobster catch in South Australia, we demonstrate the capacity of mathematical reserve selection procedures to integrate socio-economic and biophysical information for marine reserve system design. Analyses of trade-offs highlight the opportunities to design representative, efficient and practical marine reserve systems that minimise potential loss to commercial users. We found that the objective of minimising the areal extent of the reserve system was barely compromised by incorporating economic design constraints. With a small increase in area (<3%) and boundary length (<10%), the economic impact of marine reserves on the commercial rock lobster fishery was reduced by more than a third. We considered also how a reserve planner might prioritise conservation areas using information on a planning units selection frequency. We found that selection frequencies alone were not a reliable guide for the selection of marine reserve systems, but could be used with approaches such as summed irreplaceability to direct conservation effort for efficient marine reserve design.