郑州地区大气气溶胶光学特性的地基遥感研究

根据自动跟踪扫描光度计观测资料,利用Bouguer-Lamber定律反演郑州地区2007年2~9月气溶胶光学厚度和波长指数,分析郑州地区该时段气溶胶光学特性的季节变化和日变化情况.结果表明,郑州地区2007年2~9月1020nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.49±0.09;870nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.60±0.13;670nm气溶胶光学厚度为0.76±0.20;440nm气溶胶光学厚度为1.08±0.34.季节变化以夏季最高,秋冬次之,春季最低.波长指数春季为0.37~0.69,夏季为1.18~1.26.春季有50%以上的天气,扬尘粒子为主控粒子,而夏季城市-工业气溶胶是主控粒子之一.日变化规律与近地面污染物浓度变化一致,8:30和17:00左右出现峰值,11:30出现谷值,由于气温上升,湍流剧烈,12:30左右气溶胶光学厚度有1个小高峰,但仍处于全天的低值区.     

太湖地区农田NO排放不连续测量最佳时间

以我国南方太湖地区稻麦轮作生态系统的旱地阶段为例,在通过自动连续测量揭示ＮＯ排放的时间变异规律性基础上,讨论了ＮＯ排放不连续测量结果矫正及最佳观测时间选择．根据自动连续测量结果,ＮＯ排放表现出日间极大值型和夜间极大值型２种规律性日变化形式．前者发生在温度比较适宜,但植物生长较弱的情况下,此日变化形式直接与温度有关;后者发生在植物旺盛生长的情况下,且主要取决于植物对铵态氮的吸收,而与温度没有直接关系．在植物生长强弱变换的过渡期,日变化的规律性不明显．不连续测量结果的矫正因子也因植物生长状况而异．当观测时间选择不当,又不进行任何矫正处理时,根据不连续测量结果估计的ＮＯ排放可能偏高１２％ ～４７％ 或偏低１８％ ～６８％ ．无论哪种植物生长情形,１５ｖ００～１６ｖ００都是ＮＯ排放不连续测量的最佳观测时间．这时的观测结果不需要日变化矫正,能直接用来代表日平均排放量.     

空气微生物研究方法进展与展望

着重论述了空气微生物气溶胶的研究方法,主要有培养基法和非培养基法。培养基法是传统的微生物研究方法,需要花费大量的时间和劳动力,只能够检测活的能够在培养基上生长的微生物,可以大致反映空气中的微生物气溶胶。非培养基法,主要是PCR法,具有敏感性高、快速、特异性强等特点,能够检测出环境样品中绝大多数的微生物,是一种微生物气溶胶检测的有效途径。最后指出实时持续的监测是将来空气微生物研究的努力方向和发展趋势。     

江苏油田原水油珠粒径分布测定

测定了江苏油田黄珏污水站原水中油珠粒径分布,为合理选择和设计污水处理工艺与装置提供了必要的基础数据。实验测定江苏油田黄珏污水站原水含油量为62.3 mg/L。该站的三相分离器具有较好的油水分离能力。原水中浮油(粒径≥99.4μm)占8.3%,粒径≥28.4μm的分散油占14.3%,而粒径≤28.4μm的分散油、浮化油等约占77.4%。单纯采用重力沉降法可除去原水中22.6%的含油量。同时对油珠粒径分布测定方法进行了改进。新方法减少了水样含油量的测定工作量,且设备简单、操作方便。     

Point Sampling Digital Imagery with ‘Samplepoint’

Measuring percent occurrence of objects from digital images can save time and expense relative to conventional field measurements. However, the accuracy of image analysis had, until now, not reached the level of the best conventional field measurements. Additionally, most image-analysis software programs require advanced user training to successfully analyze images. Here we present a new software program, ‘SamplePoint,’ that provides the user a single-pixel sample point and the ability to view and identify the pixel context. We found SamplePoint to allow accuracy comparable with the most accurate field-methods for ground-cover measurements. Expert use of the program requires minimal training and its ease of use allows rapid measurements from image data. We recommend SamplePoint for calibrating the threshold-detection level of image-analysis software or for making direct measurements of percent occurrence from digital images.     

Monitoring Biofilm Thickness Using A Non-Destructive, On-Line, Electrical Capacitance Technique

Abstact The present study was designed to evaluate indirect, non-invasive, on-line measurement of biofilm thickness using an electrical capacitance technique. Several assays were carried out and the results showed that, at a frequency of 1 kHz, electrical capacitance could be used to measure biofilm thickness indirectly (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9495). The reproducibility revealed by the assays was also highly satisfactory.However, in contrast to what was expected, there was an inverse relationship between electrical capacitance and biofilm thickness, i.e. electrical capacitance diminished with the increase in the biofilm thickness.The tests were also carried out at different frequencies (1 kHz, 10 kHz and 100 kHz)     

街道峡谷内汽车排放污染物浓度分布的观测与数值模拟

在上海某典型街道峡谷内按一定的空间布点,在一定时段内同时对各布点进行采样并做一氧化碳浓度分析,同时记录车辆种类、车流量、气象条件等,分析街道峡谷内污染物浓度的分布.运用风向频率加权(WDFW)方法,结合大气流动和污染物扩散的CFD模型进行数值模拟计算.结果表明,数值模拟结果和现场观测结果较吻合,建筑物低的一侧污染物浓度远高于建筑物高的一侧污染物浓度,两侧的污染物浓度随着高度的增加而降低.     

基于职能特征分类的政府部门安全生产绩效测量评估机制研究

政府部门工作绩效测量是对政府部门工作开展的效率、效益、公平、秩序等方面进行评估,安全生产工作作为政府部门的主要工作职责,应当开展科学合理的绩效评估。基于政府职能部门的职能划分,分析其在履行职责、责任落实等方面的典型特征,进行绩效评估对象的分类,针对各类部门确定评估指标设计思路,建立评估结果测算模型,设计绩效测量流程,并在华东某省进行实证应用。基于职能特征分类的政府部门安全生产绩效测量评估机制的建立,能够科学、客观分析政府部门安全生产工作落实情况,促进党委政府领导责任、部门监管责任、企业责任、员工责任的层层压实。     

Measuring team trust: A critical and meta-analytical review

Team trust is gaining attention in research and practice due to its benefits for team performance, yet clarity about the intricacies of its measurement is needed. Therefore, we meta-analyzed 118 studies (N = 7,738) to untangle the role of measurement features by investigating the degree to which they influence the trust–performance relationship. Results showed that the trust–performance relationship is contingent upon time lag and source of measurement. Specifically, cross-sectional and single-source studies produced higher effect sizes than time-lagged and different-source studies. In contrast, the moderating roles of conceptualization–operationalization alignment and referent of trust measures were not supported. Post hoc analyses revealed that affective trust is more strongly related to global, versus specific team outcomes, and that mixed-referent items are particularly effective within intact teams, whereas the trust–performance relationship is constrained when direct consensus items are used within ad hoc teams. Furthermore, we provided a critical review that highlights the importance of composites, multilevel forces, and item content and wording. Finally, we clarified key gaps in the literature, calling for research where needed. This review serves as a bridge between conceptualization and measurement and lays the groundwork for advancing knowledge of team trust.     

区域优势自然资源的评价——以河南省黄河两岸地区为例

本文试图从区域、自然资源本身和资源的外部条件出发,通过分析区域优势自然资源的概念,选择建立了衡量区域优势自然资源的6项标准体系,并以河南省黄河两岸地区为例,借助与高层次区域的比较研究,确定了该区域的优势自然资源是:铝土矿为第一优势资源,天然气为第二优势资源,以下资源次序为石油、煤、金矿、水泥灰岩、耐火粘土和水资源等。这为合理开发区域优势自然资源提供了重要科学依据.