共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
贵州省旱田土壤N2O释放及其环境影响因素 总被引:27,自引:4,他引:23
以贵州省的玉米-油菜轮作田、大豆-冬小麦轮作和休耕地为研究对象,采用密闭箱-气相色谱法,对整个轮作期的土壤N2O释放进行观测,初步研究我国亚热带旱田的N2O释放特征.实验研究结果表明,3试验田N2O释放通量具有相同的规律性日变化形式,秋收作物达通量极大值的时间比越冬作物滞后2h~3h,气温是控制N2O通量日变化的主要环境因子:3试验田N2O释放通量(以N2O中的N计)分别在9.81~433.11,4.00~180.41和9.74~282.00μg·m-2·h-1,高于我国水田和北方旱田的N2O释放通量;进一步分析表明,3试验田N2O释放通量具有相同的季节变化模式,N2O 释放峰受降雨事件的直接影响,N2O通量与降雨量和土壤湿度间有显著的正相关性,而与温度的关系不明显 相似文献
3.
在原始阔叶红松林测定空气N2O的垂直分布,三次观测结果发现林冠高度处N2LO浓度比于和林冠上方的背景值高5.43%~74%,差异极显著。林外出现高浓度,树干处低浓度,表明N2O从林冠排放到周围空气中的。因此,本研究提供了植物在自然状态下能排放N2O的证据,从而证明下林生态系统中植物本身是大气N2O的排放源。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
改装 Model 42S 化学发光氮氧化物仪测定大气中NO-NOx-NOy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将美国Model42S化学发光NO-NOx测定仪改装为NO-NOx-NOy同机测量.使用NH4NO3标定了不锈钢NOy转化器.在660±10℃,不锈钢转化器对HNO3和NH3的转化效率分别为100%和80%—90%.在该温度下,没有发现N2O被不锈钢转化器转化为NO.改装后仪器的分辨率、检测限、响应速率和线性度均未改变.根据对HNO3的研究结果,该仪器的NOy转化器带来的测量误差不大于5%.使用改装后的仪器连续测定了大气中的NO-NOx-NOy,得到可靠、合理的数据 相似文献
7.
玉米田N2O排放及减排措施研究 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
用封闭式箱法对玉米田N2O排放进行全年、系统的原位观测,发现N2O排放有明显的季节变化,主要排放期是在作物的生长季节,另主米植株能通过其根系的作用增加土壤向大气排放N2O,应用长效碳酸安和缓释尿素于玉米田中,在主等量氮的情况下,定时监测N2O排放量,结果表明,上一种长效肥料一普通尿素和碳酸氨铵相比,能明显减少土壤中N2O排放,并能提高玉米产量,此外还发现,在玉米生长的后期,它们在土壤中仍能保持较高 相似文献
8.
9.
我国轻型汽车污染物排放因子的测试研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
采用底盘测功机按ECE-15规程测试了我国13辆(12种)正在使用的轻型汽车的CO、HC和NOx的排放量分别为87.25±56.31、11.36±5.13和8.20±6.68g/test;在相同测试条件下,测试了其中11种轻型车在不同车速匀速行驶时的CO、HC和NOx排放因子.测试结果表明、轻型汽车污染物排放因子随车速的变化有良好的规律性.用统计方法拟合了轻型汽车污染物排放因子的车速变化系数的计算公式。当车速<90km/h时,轻型车CO、HC排放因子随车速的增加而减小,当车速>90km/h时,又略有增加,而NOx排放因子随车速的增加而增大。 相似文献
10.
11.
DING Zhen-hu TANG Qing-he LIU Cai-e WANG Wen-hu ZHUANG Min LIN Yi-ming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):200-204
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants. 相似文献
12.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA. 相似文献
13.
Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor. 相似文献
14.
The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme. 相似文献
15.
以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考. 相似文献
16.
XU Qiu-jin NIAN Yue-gang JIN Xiang-can YAN Chang-zhou LIU Jin Jiang Gao-ming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):217-221
Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water. 相似文献
17.
Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 (Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene) as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2+ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2+ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter (NOM). A relatively higher molecular weight (MW) of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved. 相似文献
19.
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses. 相似文献
20.
Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized
from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
ZHANG Bao-hu WU De-yi WANG Chong HE Sheng-bing ZHANG Zhen-ji KONG Hai-nan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):540-545
Zeolite synthesized from fly ash (ZFA) without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4+ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 (≥0.9 mol/L) resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC). It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment (e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4), ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4+ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent. 相似文献