BOD微生物膜的再利用研究初探

对失去大部分活性的微生物膜进行再培养，以研究膜再利用的可能性。试验结果初部表明：在1／2MS培养基中加入一定量的植物激素，不仅可以使膜的电位值（I0）显著升高，且活性强，稳定性好，可使膜重复利用。     

胜利油田井下压裂废水处理实验研究

井下压裂施工工艺复杂,压裂废液对环境会造成污染。针对压裂废水特点,采用絮凝-隔油法对其进行预处理,再用次氯酸钠结合紫外光对废水进行深度处理,可氧化降解难处理的部分高分子有机化合物。结果表明,在适宜的处理条件下,该法可有效去除水中CODCr和石油类,去除率分别为98.6%、98.1%,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准。     

Hydrograph Separation by Incorporating Climatological Factors: Application to Small Experimental Watersheds 1

Abstract: Evaluating the relative amounts of water moving through the different components of the hydrological cycle is required for precise management and planning of water resources. An important aspect of this evaluation is the partitioning of streamflow into surface (quick flow) and base‐flow components. A prior study evaluated 40 different approaches for hydrograph‐partitioning on a field scale watershed in the Coastal Plain of the Southeastern United States and concluded that the Boughton’s method produced the most consistent and accurate results. However, its accuracy depends upon the proper estimation of: (1) the end of surface runoff, and (2) the fraction factor (α) that is function of many physical and hydrologic characteristics of a watershed. Proper identification of the end of surface runoff was accomplished by using a second derivative approach. Applying this approach to 12 years of separately measured surface and subsurface flow data from a field scale watershed (study area) proved to be accurate for 87% of the time. Estimation of the α value was accomplished in this study using two steps: (1) alpha was fitted to individual hydrographs: and, (2) a regression equation that determines these alpha values based on climatological factors (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration) was developed. Using these strategies improved the streamflow partitioning method’s performance significantly.     

石膏浆液旋流器的分离性能实验研究

通过理论分析及工程经验对石灰石/石膏法烟气脱硫工艺中石膏浆液脱水系统的旋流器进行优化设计,在与工业实际相近的操作条件下,优选出了一根综合性能较好的旋流器。考察了该旋流器的压力、流量与分离效率之间相互关系,与常规石膏浆液旋流器的分级效率进行了比较,确定了最佳操作条件。结果表明,旋流器的进口流量随着进出口压力差的增大而增大,分离效率随着流量增加先上升后下降。在进口硫石膏颗粒平均粒径为24μm,流量为11.8~14.8 m3/h时,分离效率在85%以上,底流出口10μm、15μm以下的颗粒分别占底流出口颗粒总体积的1%、10%左右,起到了很明显的分级浓缩作用,分离性能也优于常规使用的石膏浆液旋流器。     

Influence of Relative Humidity and Ozone on the Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds on Carbotrap/Carbosieve Adsorbents

By using a dynamic dilution system, the atmospheric measurement of 11 selected toxics VOCs (ethylene, acetylene, propene, 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene) from the list WHO of 1996 and TO-14 method of US EPA by preconcentration by thermal desorption (TD), analysis by gas chromatography (GC), identification and quantification with a flame ionisation detector (FID) was developed and validated in term of metrology, especially the techniques of sampling of these VOCs with adsorbents cartridges "Air Toxics" when used with an "UMEG sampler" equipped in the inlet with a nafion membrane. In particular the influence of climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and the influence of chemical factors like ozone, on the representativity of sampling were studied. Experiments made with various humidities showed that the addition of a nafion membrane in the inlet of the sampling system was required. Without this membrane, losses of compounds were observed for RH >50%. With this membrane, storage for 2 weeks in a refrigerator, as for canisters, did not induce a loss of compounds. No significative decrease of concentrations of the studied VOCs after 14 days storage, which are known to react with ozone, were observed with an ozone concentrations of 55 ppb. One explanation is that nafion membrane, placed in the inlet of the sampler, will neutralize ozone before entering the sampling tubes. This observation is in accordance with literature which states that the sampling of VOCs on Carbotrap cartridges without ozone scrubber induce a loss of compounds.     

序批式动态膜生物反应器处理低碳氮比废水的试验研究

以序批式动态膜反应器为研究对象,对其处理低碳氮比废水的效果进行了试验研究.试验温度为19 ～ 21℃,MLSS为3～5g/L;好氧阶段溶解氧质量浓度为2 ～4 mg/L,厌氧阶段溶解氧质量浓度为0.2～0.5 mg/L;水力停留时间共12 h,其中好氧阶段8h,厌氧阶段4h.结果表明:当进水COD、TN和NH4+-N质量浓度分别为250～300mg/L、103 ～ 156 mg/L和92～140 mg/L时,反应器对上述污染物表现出较高且稳定的去除效率,COD、TN和NH4+-N平均去除率分别达到76.15％、82.16％和90.13％.同时,反应器系统中污泥的比硝化速率与常规处理装置中的活性污泥相比较高,以NH4+-N的降解量计为0.101 d-1,以NO3--N的积累量计为0.091 d-.     

软/硬质悬浮填料对MBR中EPS的影响

以聚丙烯无纺布为膜组件,向浸渍式膜生物反应器(MBR)中分别投加硬/软质悬浮填料处理人工废水.分析测定EPS、SVI、膜污染阻力及跨膜压力的变化,采用统计分析方法研究了软/硬质悬浮填料对MBR中EPS及SVI的影响;通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析,表征添加软/硬质悬浮填料膜表面的污染状况.结果表明,添加软/硬质悬浮填料膜组件表面滤饼中的溶解性EPSS和结合性EPSB与膜污染阻力的皮尔逊相关系数(rp)分别为0.929～ 0.984和0.798～0.853,EPSS与膜污染阻力之间表现出更强的相关性,EPSS对膜污染阻力的贡献大于EPSB.添加软/硬质悬浮填料MBR污泥混合液的EPS与SVI的皮尔逊系数(rp)分别为0.895和0.798,呈现明显的正相关性.SEM分析也表明,添加软质填料的膜表面污泥覆盖程度大于硬质填料的膜表面,但膜内部的污泥沉积量明显低于硬质填料.与软质悬浮填料相比,硬质悬浮填料能导致MBR污泥混合液的SVI和EPS含量增大,增加膜污染速率和不可逆膜污染阻力,软质悬浮填料具有更好的控制膜不可逆污染的效能.     

中和-络合萃取-双极膜电渗析处理金刚烷胺制药废水

采用中和沉淀-络合萃取-双极膜电渗析组合工艺协同处理金刚烷胺制药胺化废水与溴化废水.结果表明,通过胺化废水与溴化废水的中和反应,可以大幅消减废水中溶解性固体和有机污染物,避免后续萃取过程中的乳化现象.在pH值为8.0、油/水相比为1∶1的条件下,P204∶正辛醇=3∶2的复配萃取剂对废水中TOC和TN的萃取效率分别为56.9%和20.6%,金刚烷胺及其衍生物几乎被完全萃取.以2.0 mol·L-1的HCl溶液为反萃取剂,可以将47.5%的金刚烷胺从负载有机相中反萃分离,再生后的萃取剂可以多次重复使用.对萃余液采用双极膜电渗析进行处理,可以去除64.2%的无机盐和部分有机物,同时还能回收到较高浓度的酸,但由于氢离子的渗漏难以回收高浓度的碱.     

黄姜皂素废酸液在均相离子膜中渗析规律的研究

为了研究皂素水解废液在离子交换膜中的渗析规律,实验考察了废液中电导率、含盐量、氢离子浓度、硫酸盐浓度、Ca离子浓度、Mg离子浓度和有机物浓度随渗析时间的关系。研究结果表明:渗析时间进行100 h后,处理效果达到稳定状态;废液与渗析液的电导率几乎相等;含盐量、H+浓度、SO2-4浓度的分离效率分别为71%、62%、78%;Ca去除效果优于Mg去除效果;大部分有机物无法通过离子交换膜。