代谢活化作用对多溴代联苯类污染物类/抗甲状腺激素活性的影响

选用大鼠肝匀浆(S9)和鼠肝癌细胞(H4ⅡE)两种体系代谢活化多溴代联苯醚混标(BDEs)和十溴联苯醚(BDE209),采用重组甲状腺激素受体基因酵母检测BDEs和BDE209母体及其代谢产物的类/抗甲状腺激素效应.结果表明,BDEs和BDE209母体均不表现甲状腺激素效应(p>0.05);但是经S9和H4ⅡE细胞代谢活化后,其代谢产物表现出明显的类甲状腺激素活性和抗甲状腺激素活性(p<0.05),BDEs和BDE209的干扰甲状腺激素效应需要经过代谢活化步骤.比较不同代谢活化体系,重组酵母细胞本身的代谢活化作用并不显著,而H4ⅡE细胞和S9代谢活化体系均能够导致活性中间体.     

高性能聚醚醚酮紫外光加速老化行为研究

目的 研究特种工程塑料聚醚醚酮(PEEK)在紫外光照射实验室加速条件下的老化行为。方法 对PEEK塑料采取紫外线光老化方式进行试验,对老化前后的样品进行外观变化、力学性能、热性能、微观结构表征与分析,明确紫外环境因素对材料的性能影响,进而确定PEEK塑料在紫外光条件下的老化行为。结果 随着紫外光老化时间的增加,PEEK样品表面变黄,颜色加深,出现鼓包与裂纹等宏观与微观损伤。样品内部力学性能、热性能、红外特征吸收峰、元素含量与价态没有明显变化,样品表面热性能下降,傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)特征吸收峰变化明显。结论 PEEK塑料表面对紫外光比较敏感,在紫外光的照射下容易发生表层的分解,短时间内不会引起材料整体热性能及力学性能的明显变化。     

GANN模型在十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取中的应用

文章研究目的在于用遗传神经网络模型(GANN模型)快速优化水样中十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取的萃取条件。以水样中十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取的正交试验为训练样本,建立十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取条件的遗传神经网络模型。比较遗传神经网络模型和BP神经网络模型的学习速度、学习精度及网络泛化能力。采用Matlab遗传算法工具箱运用遗传神经网络模型对影响萃取回收率的因素进行优化求解,获得了水样中十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取优化后的萃取条件,并进行实验验证。文章建立的遗传神经网络模型得到的预测值与实验值平均偏差为14.41%,R2为0.8887;最佳DLLME萃取条件为10μL四氯乙烯、0.71mL丙酮、pH=5、离子强度为20%NaCl、萃取时间10min;优化后十溴联苯醚分散液液微萃取的萃取回收率和富集因子比优化前分别提高了54%和580。     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether

The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% w...     

Degradation of MTBE and TBA by a new isolate from MTBE-contaminated soil

Methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE）, a gasoline additive, possesses serious problems to the environmental health. In the present study, a bacterial culture named A-3 which could effectively degrade MTBE was isolated from the MTBE contaminated soil. The isolate was identified as Chryseobacterium sp., a new species capable of degrading MTBE. In order to enhance its degradation ability, selected environment factors were investigated. The results showed that the optimal temperature was in the range of 25-30℃, the pH was 7.0, the inoculum size was 2 × 10^8 CFU/ml and the optimal concentration of MTBE was from 50 to 100 mg/L. The maximum MTBE utilization rate （Vmax） was 102 nmol MTBE/（mg cell protein.h）. Furthermore, it was found that the isolate could also degrade tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）. The degradation rates of TBA were much faster than those of MTBE. The additional TBA would lead to the decrease of the initial MTBE degradation rate and the inhibitory effect of TBA increased with the increase of TBA concentration. Similar protein profiles at least seven peptides were demonstrated after SDS-PAGE analysis of crude extracts obtained from the cells growing in MTBE and TBA culture.     

有机碳与温度对土壤吸附乙基叔丁基醚的影响

作为具有很大市场潜力的汽油添加剂乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE),国内对其在地下水土中的污染风险评价与迁移归宿研究甚少.通过静态吸附实验研究了ETBE在我国六种不同有机碳含量的标准土壤样品中的吸附特性.研究表明,在1～143 mg/L的实验浓度范围内ETBE在土壤样品中的吸附行为均呈良好的线性关系.ETBE在各土壤样品中吸附分...     

Rush-hour aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in selected subway stations of Shanghai, China

Air samples were collected simultaneously at platform, mezzanine and outdoor in five typical stations of subway system in Shanghai, China using stainless steel canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) after cryogenic preconcentration. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) at the platforms and mezzanines inside the stations averaged (10.3 ± 2.1), (38.7 ± 9.0), (19.4 ± 10.1) and (30.0 ± 11.1) μg/m³, respectively; while trichloroethylene (TrCE), tetrachloroethylene (TeCE) and para-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride were the most abundant chlorinated hydrocarbons inside the stations with average levels of (3.6 ± 1.3), (1.3 ± 0.5), (4.1 ± 1.1), (2.2 ± 1.1) and (1.2 ± 0.3) μg/m³, respectively. Mean levels of major aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were higher indoor (platforms and mezzanines) than outdoor with average indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of 1.1-9.5, whereas no significant indoor/outdoor differences were found except for benzene and TrCE. The highly significant mutual correlations (p < 0.01) for BTEX between indoor and outdoor and their significant correlation (p < 0.05) with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a marker of traffic-related emission without other indoor and outdoor sources, indicated that BTEX were introduced into the subway stations from indoor/outdoor air exchange and traffic emission should be their dominant source. TrCE and pDCB were mainly from indoor emission and TeCE might have both indoor emission sources and contribution from outdoor air, especially in the mezzanines.     

十溴联苯醚的热解及其影响因素研究

在200~300℃的温度范围内研究了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的热降解及其影响因素.结果表明,温度、时间以及硝酸铜、三氯化铁、氯化铝和氯化锌等处理线路板过程中产生的金属盐对BDE-209热降解有不同的影响.升高温度或延长热解时间均能促进BDE-209的热解,且温度对BDE-209降解的影响程度大于时间对其降解的影响;硝酸铜、三氯化铁和氯化铝对BDE-209的热解均起促进作用,促进作用的顺序为:硝酸铜 >三氯化铁 >氯化铝;氯化锌对BDE-209的热解有抑制作用;随着温度的升高,氯化铝和氯化锌对BDE-209热降解的影响减弱.该研究结果可为深入探究电子垃圾热处理过程中BDE-209的释放及降解提供科学依据.     

十溴联苯醚对土壤酶活性及土壤呼吸强度的影响

采用室内模拟试验考察十溴联苯醚对土壤呼吸强度和土壤脲酶活性、磷酸酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性的影响,探讨十溴联苯醚外源化学物质对土壤环境的生态效应.结果表明,在w(十溴联苯醚)为10,100和500 mg/kg的条件下,十溴联苯醚对土壤呼吸强度和土壤脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用,且随处理土壤样品中w(十溴联苯醚)的增加,抑制作用增强. 十溴联苯醚对过氧化氢酶活性的作用表现为先激活后抑制,而土壤磷酸酶活性对十溴联苯醚不敏感.十溴联苯醚对土壤生态系统具有一定的破坏作用.