国际环境保护公约中技术转让障碍问题的探讨

随着世界各国对全球资源与环境问题认识的逐步提高 ,发展中国家必将签署越来越多的国际环境公约 ,参与到国际环境保护合作中。尽管许多国际环境公约都明确规定了发达国家在资金和技术上支持发展中国家保护环境履行国际公约的义务 ,但是实际履约过程中技术转让的问题并未得到良好的解决。论文将讨论国际环境公约履约中的技术转让障碍问题 ,并以中国履行《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》 ,实施臭氧层保护行动过程中所存在的实际问题为例 ,对国际环境公约履行中技术转让障碍的原因及其后果进行分析 ,最后对发展中国家所应采取的立场和对策提出建议。     

旋进型颗粒层除尘器的研究与试验

本文阐述了一种新型二级立式族进型颗粒层除尘器，它的关键技术采用独创的床外清灰及气流输送、滤料循环系统。该除尘器适用范围广、除尘效率高、成为新一代的除尘器专利产品。     

生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层脱氮工艺的试验研究

采用生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层工艺对含氮有机废水处理进行试验研究,研究结果表明:系统内可固着生长不受抑制的硝化菌种群,氨氮去除率可以达到93%￣95%;三相分离区形成稳定的污泥滤层,可使总氮去除率得以显著提高;当HRT为1.5h,曝气量为0.25m3/h,BOD容积负荷为9.2～10.4BOD5/m3.d,总氮容积负荷0.65kgTN/m3.d条件下,可得到BOD5的去除率85%,总氮去除率74%的处理效果。     

小型炭素焙烧炉沥青烟气净化技术初探

阐述了颗粒层吸附技术在小型炭素焙烧沥青烟气净化中的应用。     

Numerical Simulation of Synoptic Condition on a Severe Sand Dust Storm

By using observational data and MM5, an observational analysisand numerical study was conducted on the synoptic condition of a severe dust storm that was caused by a Mongolian cyclone whichoccurred from 6 to 8 April 2001. Results illustrated thatthe cyclogenesis was due to the isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) advection in the upper troposphere and the terrain modifiedbaroclinicity in the mid-lower troposphere. The Altai-Sayan complex of mountains blocked the lower level cold air and made the isentropic surface sharply steep. When the air slid down along the isentropic surface the increasing of baroclinicity anddecreasing of stability blew up the vertical vorticity development.The formation of the dust storm was a result of a cyclonic cold front passing across the area. The occurrence of this dust stormwas closely related to the strong surface wind, which was accompanied by a cold front passing, rather than the cyclogenesis, itself. Hence, the reason for the pre-front dust storm formulation was the formation of heating convection. Reasons behind the formation of a black storm (visibilitylower than 50 m), which occurred in the mid-north part ofInner Mongolia, lay in several aspects. Firstly, in thisarea the surface wind was strong, a direct result of thedownward transport in mid-lower troposphere. Secondly,the cold front passed over the effected area near sunsetso the air obtained much more surface heating to form adeeper mixed layer (ML). Thirdly, cooperation between thelower level wind and the terrain made the atmosphere inthis area and acquired the maximum advective contributionnecessary to form a deep post-front ML. The sensitivityexperiment revealed that surface heat flux was important to the frontal lifting. In addition, the forcing of surface heating wasalso seen as the primary forcing mechanism of frontogenesis. Meanwhile, removal of the surface heat flux made the atmosphericstratification became stable and the pre-storm ML very shallow,which weakened the strength of the dust storm.     

"地球表层"再讨论

对"地球表层概念"的界定与发展和基于新概念的地球表层系统(结构)等进行了综合讨论和阐述;定义了地球表层概念的内涵,提出:地球表层是指地表和近地表各圈层相互作用和渗透的地球部分,是地球上部多态(固、液、气、生物和有机态)物质相互渗透、交融并不断进行物能交换、转化和作用而结合形成的具有内部协同性和一定系统结构的有机整体,是地球生物的生存环境和地表生态系统发生、发展和演化的基础;进一步确立了地球表层的空间位置和范围(外延),即包括地球表面上下的岩石圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈和物理(能量)场及其相关作用在内的地球空间,其下界是软流圈(以软流圈为过渡层),上界为大气圈最外层,至少应包括磁层在内;岩石圈以下的地幔和地核与大气圈以外的宇宙空间均为地球表层的环境.     

上保护层开采瓦斯综合治理的试验研究

借助于一般的保护层开采理论,对上保护层开采合理参数和保护范围进行了综合分析研究,结合潘东公司具体情况设计了试验方案,现场试验结果表明了该方案的合理性,同时也表明上保护层开采对下临近突出煤层的突出危险消除效果明显,上保护层开采带来的经济和社会效益十分显著。试验结果对类似开采条件的矿井防治煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯综合治理具有一定指导意义。     

Co-treatment of fruit and vegetable waste in sludge digesters. An analysis of the relationship among bio-methane generation,process stability and digestate phytotoxicity

The co-digestion of a variable amount of fruit and vegetable waste in a waste mixed sludge digester was investigated using a pilot scale apparatus. The organic loading rate (OLR) was increased from 1.46 kg VS/m³ day to 2.8 kg VS/m³ day. The hydraulic retention time was reduced from 14 days to about 10 days. Specific bio-methane production increased from about 90 NL/kg VS to the maximum value of about 430 NL/kg VS when OLR was increased from 1.46 kg VS/m³ day to 2.1 kg VS/m³ day. A higher OLR caused an excessive reduction in the hydraulic retention time, enhancing microorganism wash out. Process stability evaluated by the total volatile fatty acids concentration (mg/l) to the alkalinity buffer capacity (eq. mg/l CaCO₃) ratio (i.e. FOS/TAC) criterion was <0.1 indicating high stability for OLR <2.46 kg VS/m³ day. For higher OLR, FOS/TAC increased rapidly. Residual phytotoxicty of the digestate evaluated by the germination index (GI) (%) was quite constant for OLR < 2.46 kg VS/m³ day, which is lower than the 60% limit, indicating an acceptable toxicity level for crops. For OLR > 2.46 kg VS/m³ day, GI decreased rapidly. This corresponding trend between FOS/TAC and GI was further investigated by the definition of the GI ratio (GIR) parameter. Comparison between GIR and FOS/TAC suggests that GI could be a suitable criterion for evaluating process stability.     

1株异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌DK1的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

从某反应器活性污泥中分离筛选出1株假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)细菌,命名为DK1,并对该菌进行脱氮特性研究.在以葡萄糖为碳源,C/N量比为5时,分别以NaNO_3和NaNO_2为氮源,二者的好氧反硝化速率为4.09 mg·(L·h)-1和4.43mg·(L·h)~(-1).以二者同时为氮源脱氮率为100%;此外,菌株DK1具有异养硝化性能,NH_4~+-N平均去除速率为2.32mg·(L·h)-1.缺氧时以NO_2~--N为氮源菌株DK1可将一系列梯度浓度NO_2~--N(约100~300 mg·L-1)在36 h内降为0.当NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N同时存在时,菌株DK1会优先利用NO_3~--N进行反硝化.同时该菌株还具有同步硝化反硝化(SND)性能,可同时去除NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N或NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N,30 h内脱氮率分别达95.06%和94.69%.相同时间内在NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N三者均存在时,脱氮效果最佳,达100%.菌株DK1的高效SND及反硝化性能表明其在处理含氮废水方面有一定的潜力和应用价值.     

成都市污染边界层高度的演变特征分析

基于2014年1月21日至2月5日成都市人民南路四段逐时PM_(2.5)质量浓度、大气能见度资料以及同期Mie散射激光雷达探测数据,遵循消光系数与细颗粒物质量浓度之间的关系,探讨污染边界层高度的演变特征。结果表明:污染时段内的污染边界层高度偏低,平均为221m;污染边界层高度与地面PM_(2.5)浓度的变化具有明显相关性,但污染边界层高度改变在前,地面PM_(2.5)浓度响应在后;污染边界层高度的日变化表现为单峰单谷型,峰值和谷值分别出现在08:00时和14:00时前后。