基于酸浸焚烧污泥灰中的磷释放及蓝铁矿生成

酸浸焚烧污泥灰(ISSA)是一种湿化学法提取磷(P)的工艺,因其操作简单、损耗低而被广泛应用.以烘干污泥为对照,通过考察不同温度(600～900℃)下ISSA中的磷形态和矿物相转变,研究了H₂SO₄和HCl作为提取液的酸浓度、酸浸时间和液固比对ISSA样品释磷性能以及对Ca、Al、Mg、Fe等关键金属元素浸出行为的影响,最终通过酸浸、阳离子交换树脂(CER)纯化和沉淀三步反应得到磷回收产物.结果表明:ISSA样品磷的形态以非磷灰石态无机磷(NAIP)为主,且部分NAIP会随着焚烧温度的升高转变为磷灰石态无机磷(AP);同时,污泥样品经两种提取液酸浸后,金属元素Ca、Al、Mg释出量最多,其中Ca、Mg元素的浸出量随焚烧温度的升高变化不大,而Al的浸出量随焚烧温度的升高急剧降低;相比其他焚烧温度,800℃条件下ISSA释磷性能更好,且H₂SO₄酸浸释磷性能优于HCl酸浸,当H₂SO₄浓度为0.10mol/L、液固比为150mL/g、酸浸时间为150min时释...     

环境内分泌干扰物质的健康影响与作用机制

本文综述了环境内分泌干扰物质与人或动物生殖发育、行为智力、免疫功能、肥胖、糖尿病、癌症等异常或疾病的相关性及相关作用机制,讨论了其"低剂量效应"和"复合效应",对本领域今后发展的方向进行了探讨.     

铬污染土壤的微生物修复

采用淋溶实验研究微生物对铬污染土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的修复,研究培养基成分、培养基添加量及淋溶液pH值对修复效果的影响.结果表明,培养基淋溶能完全修复铬污染土壤中水溶性Cr(Ⅵ),浸出液中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度由初始的700.3mg·L-1降低至检出限以下.单独加入碳源作为培养基时,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)不能得到完全修复,碳源与氮源结合作...     

Can we buy time? Evaluation of the Swedish government’s grant to remediation of contaminated sites

The major aim of this paper is to analyze how government funding affects the pace of progress in four states of the remediation process of contaminated sites, from basic risk classification to cleanup. We introduce a methodological framework that takes into account the unobserved site-heterogeneity and simultaneously models duration in the different states. The results show that although site-heterogeneity contributes to make remediation a slow process, the third state, from the elaborate risk classification to the cleanup start, is a particular bottleneck. Even if government funding can speed up the process at this state, the effect is minuscule compared to the amounts of funding required. Thus, there is a need for policy to also focus on other barriers to remediation.     

低品位氧化锌矿的碱法浸出研究进展

随着世界对锌的需求量的增加,碱法浸出低品位氧化锌矿因其显著的优点（浸出率达90%以上、环境污染小等）而成为国内外研究的热点。本文主要介绍了低品位氧化锌矿氢氧化钠浸出体系的动力学和热力学过程,氨浸体系中氯铵、碳铵、硫氨浸出的国内外各研究单位的最近研究成果,并对碱浸过程中矿石活化、闪锌矿难溶解两类问题进行了讨论。     

高炉矿渣对铝电解废旧阴极炭焚烧中氟化物的迁移转化行为影响

废旧阴极炭（Spent potlining）是铝电解行业产生的一种高无机氟含量危险废物.本研究以高炉矿渣（Blast furnace slag）为添加剂与废旧阴极炭混合焚烧,模拟计算有关反应的吉布斯自由能,研究焚烧过程中氟化物的转化和稳定化行为.结果表明,高炉矿渣中的钙基化合物可促进废旧阴极炭中的NaF和Na₃AlF₆转化为稳定的CaF₂. 在850 ℃、焚烧1 h的条件下,废旧阴极炭和高炉矿渣混合样（4/6,质量比）水溶性氟浸出率降低42.27%;同时,减少HF释放可使氟化物保留率提高3.85%.高炉矿渣的掺入将其中93.50%的氟化物固定于底渣中,显著降低了废旧阴极炭的浸出毒性.高炉矿渣中的SiO₂和Al₂O₃促进了NaF向CaF₂的热转化行为,高炉矿渣参与焚烧使得焚烧底渣颗粒更加疏松、分散,底渣的 氟化物主要以Ca₄Si₂O₇F₂形态存在,表明高炉矿渣具有协同处置废旧阴极炭的良好性能.     

模拟电镀污泥阴离子浸出液对氧化亚铁硫杆菌活性的影响

利用课题组分离得到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌WZ-1(GenBank序列登录号:JQ968461)研究电镀污泥浸出液中无机阴离子对WZ-1活性的影响,考察了Cl-、NO-3、F-这3种单一阴离子以及4种不同模拟电镀污泥阴离子浸出液对WZ-1 Fe2+氧化活性和表观呼吸速率的影响,结果表明菌株在接种量为6.7%、初始pH 2.0、温度30℃、转速150 r·min-1的条件下,浓度分别为5.0 g·L-1、1.0 g·L-1的Cl-、NO-3对WZ-1的活性没有影响;WZ-1对Cl-、NO-3、F-的最大耐受浓度分别为10.0 g·L-1、5g·L-1、25.0 mg·L-1;4种模拟电镀污泥阴离子浸出液对WZ-1活性的影响有明显差异,强弱顺序为:Cl-/NO-3/F-≥NO-3/F->Cl-/F->Cl-/NO-3.     

岩溶地下河水文地球化学对降雨的响应：以重庆雪玉洞地下河系统为例

通过对降雨条件下重庆雪玉洞地下河水文地球化学指标的监测,发现各种指标对降雨响应迅速,且存在相关性.采用主成分分析对各指标数据进行处理,提取能代表82.761%信息量的3个主成分,来分析降雨条件下岩溶地下河水文地球化学的特征及其成因.结果表明,以全Fe、全Mn、Al3+等浓度升高为代表的土壤淋失和以K+、Na+、Sr2+浓度降低、EC下降为代表的稀释效应,对水文地球化学特征变化的贡献率为41.718%,降雨加剧了岩溶区土壤的侵蚀,同时危及饮用水的安全,应引起相关部门的足够重视;岩溶水对白云岩的溶解和补给区农业活动、洞穴生物对水文地球化学特征变化的贡献率为29.958%;以Ca2+浓度升高为代表的岩溶水对灰岩的溶蚀作用对水文地球化学特征的贡献率为11.084%.     

Adaptation of microbial communities to multiple stressors associated with litter decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera

To understand the further impacts of multiple stressors in freshwater, we investigated the effects of heavy metal(HM, Cu and Zn) and nutrient enrichments(nitrogen and phosphorus, NP) on microbial decomposition of Pterocarya stenoptera litter and the associated extracellular enzyme activities and microbial biomass with microcosms. Results showed that the decomposition rates were slower in the polluted stream waters than those in the unpolluted ones, which corresponded to lower microbial biomass and integrated enzyme activities of cellulose and β-glucosidase. The decomposition rates were accelerated at low HM level, which was associated with the stimulated enzyme activities of hydrolytic enzymes or was stimulated by both NP levels in polluted stream waters. In particular, the hydrolase enzyme activities of microbial communities in polluted stream waters were stimulated by low HM level, suggesting that low HM level-stimulated litter decomposition may be due to the increased enzymatic activities. When microbial communities were exposed to HM and NP simultaneously, the inhibitory effect(in unpolluted stream waters) or the stimulated effect(in polluted stream waters) of low HM concentration was enhanced and attenuated, respectively, which suggests that the NP antagonistic effect against HM toxicity on litter decomposition may contribute to the litterassociated extracellular enzyme activities. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of HM and NP may have antagonistic effects on stream ecosystem functioning.     

地聚物固化生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化体抗氧化硫杆菌腐蚀性能的研究

为了探讨地聚合物固化生活垃圾焚烧飞灰后形成的固化体抗强酸性微生物的侵蚀性能,模拟氧化硫杆菌的腐蚀过程,考察经氧化硫杆菌浸泡前后地聚物固化体质量、抗压强度、浸出浓度的变化.结果表明,地聚物固化体具有良好的抗氧化硫杆菌侵蚀能力:浸泡28 d后,质量损失<1%;抗压强度仍达到了21.88MPa,抗蚀系数在0.9以上;重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb的最大浸出浓度仅为:107.7、22.71、39.18、0.56、34.84和3.03μg.L-1.并且重金属的浸出浓度随浸泡时间而降低,表明了地聚物具有良好的抗氧化硫杆菌腐蚀的性能.实验通过X-ray衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)的分析对地聚物固化体的微观结构进行了表征,并探讨了地聚物固化体抗酸腐蚀性能的机制.