Solubility of anthracene in complex solvent systems

A very extensive and effective research in the fields of classical and molecular cytogenetics of cancer cells, during the past 10 years, has produced a rather concrete picture of the events and mechanisms rendering a normal cell a malignant one: Mutational changes in the control of so‐called cellular oncogenes play a fundamental role in cell transformation and tumor progression. These oncogenes are highly conservative and, therefore, important genes normally coding for a series of specific proteins particularly involved in growth control and differentiation processes.

The most important alterations of these genes are: (1) Point mutations (e.g. base transitions) in essential base pairs of the respective proto‐oncogenes causing an uncontrolled expression of the latter, (2) translocations of specific chromosomal segments resulting in transfer of a proto‐oncogene from its normal (controlled) location into the area of highly active genes and by that in its activation, (3) amplification of DNA sequences including proto‐oncogenes which also can cause their over‐expression, (4) insertion of retroviral oncogenes into the DNA, (5) point mutations or deletions in “control genes” rendering the respective gene mutation homozygous or hemizygous.

All these events are mutations in the strict sense the mutageneticist applies to the endpoints of his experimental studies. Above all, the fundamental importance of translocations and point mutations in the transformation process has clearly been evidenced by these data. Therefore, the design of experiments in mutagenicity testing should preferentially consider these types of mutations. Any mutagen, e.g. certain heavy metals or their compounds, inducing those types of mutations, must be considered suspicious not only concerning its mutagenicity in germ cells but also in somatic cells, and, by that, its carcinogenicity.     

细菌发光试验及Ames试验检测工业废水急性毒性及致突变性的研究

应用细菌发光试验及Ａｍｅｓ试验对比研究了武汉市易家墩,黄孝河污灌区工业废水的急性毒性及致突变性册时应用色质谱（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）分离鉴定技术测定了工业废水中有机污染物的化学组成,结果表明,罗家渠废水的急性毒性,致突变活性在所研究废水中最为严重,废水中急性毒性物质主要包括苯酚,苯甲酸苯甲酯等,致突变致癌物包括联苯,萘等。     

稀土元素的致突变性研究

用VMT检测14种稀土元素的致突变性,结果表明：重稀土组最强,中稀土组次之,轻稀土组软弱,其阈值为1μg/mL～5μg/mL。在一定浓度下,稀土对植物生长的影响表现为蚕豆根尖发黑甚至变硬,显微镜下见纤维组织增多,细胞变小、萎缩或变形,显示稀土具有细胞毒性;大量葡萄糖介质可使稀土毒性缓解;稀土－柠檬酸络合物可使稀土致突变阈值后移     

Genotoxicity study of high aspect ratio silver nanowires

The genotoxicity potential of silver nanowires synthesized via the solution-based polyol method has been investigated. They were found to be non-mutagenic in three Salmonella strains and were not genotoxic in a clastogenicity assay in mice. Residual surfactant was found to have an effect on the toxicological properties of the nanowires by increasing the rate of Ag⁺ release. Residual surfactant can be easily degraded via a UV treatment.     

共存氯代酚结构对1-NP致突变性的影响

研究了氯代酚与1－NP的单一和联合致突变效应，结果发现，各氯代酚对1－NP的致突变性有不同程度的抑制作用，且抑制效应系数（S）与各氯代酚的分子描述参数的关系能用QSAR方程表示，由方程得出的预测值与实验测定值之间能较好地吻合。     

发光细菌暗变种T9171对化合物的致突变效应灵敏度研究

报道了明亮发光杆菌Ｔ３小种（ＰｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍＴ３ｓｐ．）的暗变种Ｔ９１７１菌株对３６种不同的有机化合物的致突变效应，与Ａｍｅｓ试验比较，结果显示，Ｔ９１７１对其中３０种化合物具有阳性效应，阳性检出率为８３％，高于Ａｍｅｓ试验的阳性检出率（６４％），两法检测的吻合率达６９％．以两法检测结果一致阳性的受试物最低剂量建立相关方程，其方程式为：ＣＴ９１７１＝１３２９５９＋００３６４ＣＡｍｅｓ，相关系数ｒ＝０６２３（ｎ＝２０），经检验两法的相关性达到００１的显著水平．试验进一步确证利用发光细菌暗变种Ｔ９１７１检测化合物的致突变性，其灵敏度高于Ａｍｅｓ试验．     

1-硝基芘和多环芳烃联合致突变性的研究

测定了１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和其它（硝基一）多环芳烃对Ａ试验的６个菌株（ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ１００，ＹＧ１０２１，ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９）的单一和联合致突变性，１，６－二硝基芘（１．６ＤＮＰ）、１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和２－硝基坊（２－ＮＦ）所单一致突变性都为ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２１，ＴＡ９８，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９，ＴＡ１００，地２－ＮＦ的敏感性稍有差别，联合致突变性实验结果表明     

己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯的致突变性研究

采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验),用TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102菌株,加与不加S9,剂量分别设为每皿1000μg,500μg和250μg;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验,剂量设为雄性、雌性小鼠给药剂量均为250,500和1000mg*kg-1;小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,剂量设为625mg*kg-1,1250mg*kg-1和2500mg*kg-1.结果表明,Ames试验中,各测试浓度的诱发回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,各剂量组和溶剂对照组的微核率进行统计学处理,未见有显着性差异(P＞0.05),表明各项试验结果均为阴性.因此,己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯无致突变作用.     

饮用水处理流程中有机提取物的毒性变化规律

利用Q67淡水发光菌发光抑制试验和Ames试验(2.5L/P为水样最高浓度 ) ,对北京第九自来水厂不同原水及不同水处理工艺流程出水有机浓集物进行了急性毒性和致突变性检验 .用GC/MS技术对优先污染物进行化学分析 .Ames试验结果表明 ,九厂水源水无致突变性 ,加氯主要导致生成直接和间接移码型致突变性物质及间接碱基置换型致突变性物质 .絮凝剂的加入会导致碱基置换型致突变性明显增强 .煤砂池和炭滤池能有效去除致突变性物质 .二次加氯并未引起明显致突变性改变 .管网水中未检出致突变性 .各处理工段中水样的急性毒性变化趋势和致突变性的变化趋势基本一致 ,毒性最强点出现在机械搅拌澄清池 .对水中优先污染物的测定表明 ,不存在多氯联苯污染 .机械搅拌澄清池和管网水中二甲苯、萘和酚类化合物浓度升高 ,但浓度均在亚 μg/L水平 ,不足以引起致突变性 .     

香港某地饮用水中非挥发性有机物致突变性的研究

应用大孔树脂吸附浓集水中有机物的技术,结合Ames致突变试验,研究了香港某地饮用水中非挥发性有机物（NOcs）的致突变性．结果表明,在加与不加代谢活化系统（±S9）条件下,1～2 L水中的非挥发性有机物即可诱发鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（TA98）的回复突变;此外,活性炭可部分吸附水中具致突变作用的有机物