Nitropyridoindoles—Formation,characterization and mutagenicity

Nitration of pyridoindoles (β‐carbolines) was carried out using different nitration methods and structural assignments of these nitro compounds were made using different spectroscopic techniques. The mutagenic activity of these nitro derivatives was studied using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 NR and TA 100 NR in the absence as well as in the presence of S‐9 mix. Only trinitro derivatives were found to be highly mutagenic to strain TA 98 NR.     

Modeling toxic endpoints for improving human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – parent compounds and simple mixtures

Risk assessments for mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are problematic due to the lack of available potency and toxicity data on individual compounds and mixtures. This article examines the toxicity of parent compounds and designed mixtures of PAH in order to bridge the gap between component assessment and mixture assessment for this class of ubiquitous compounds. The objective for this study was to test seven parent PAH compounds and four PAH mixtures in a set of three bioassays to evaluate the toxicity of parent compound PAH and binary mixtures of PAH. PAH and mixtures were examined in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, a Gap Junction Intercellular Communication assay, and the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase assay. These assays were chosen for their ability to measure specific toxic endpoints related to the carcinogenic process (i.e. initiation, promotion, and progression). Two compounds similar in structure, benzo(a) pyrene (BAP) and benzanthracene, consistently produced positive results in all three bioassays. Conversely, a linear PAH, anthracene, produced negative results in all three bioassays. An antagonistic response was observed for the mixtures in all three bioassays. Chemical structure was important in explaining the observed responses. Using chemical structure–activity relationships with the steps of the carcinogenic process may be used to improve estimates of toxicity for compounds and mixtures for human health risk assessments.     

Effects of Lead on the Induction of Micronuclei in Anuran Larvae

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

饮用水处理流程中有机提取物的毒性变化规律

利用Q67淡水发光菌发光抑制试验和Ames试验(2.5L/P为水样最高浓度 ) ,对北京第九自来水厂不同原水及不同水处理工艺流程出水有机浓集物进行了急性毒性和致突变性检验 .用GC/MS技术对优先污染物进行化学分析 .Ames试验结果表明 ,九厂水源水无致突变性 ,加氯主要导致生成直接和间接移码型致突变性物质及间接碱基置换型致突变性物质 .絮凝剂的加入会导致碱基置换型致突变性明显增强 .煤砂池和炭滤池能有效去除致突变性物质 .二次加氯并未引起明显致突变性改变 .管网水中未检出致突变性 .各处理工段中水样的急性毒性变化趋势和致突变性的变化趋势基本一致 ,毒性最强点出现在机械搅拌澄清池 .对水中优先污染物的测定表明 ,不存在多氯联苯污染 .机械搅拌澄清池和管网水中二甲苯、萘和酚类化合物浓度升高 ,但浓度均在亚 μg/L水平 ,不足以引起致突变性 .     

香港某地饮用水中非挥发性有机物致突变性的研究

应用大孔树脂吸附浓集水中有机物的技术,结合Ames致突变试验,研究了香港某地饮用水中非挥发性有机物（NOcs）的致突变性．结果表明,在加与不加代谢活化系统（±S9）条件下,1～2 L水中的非挥发性有机物即可诱发鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（TA98）的回复突变;此外,活性炭可部分吸附水中具致突变作用的有机物     

聚天冬氨酸的环境影响研究

对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)的环境影响进行了综合研究。好氧生物降解性试验表明,PASP属易生物降解性有机物。种子发芽试验显示,1000mg L以下的PASP对单子叶植物(小麦)和双子叶植物(黄瓜)的发芽率和芽形态无显著影响。小鼠急性毒性试验表明,LD50≥5000mg kg,PASP为实际无毒物质。微核试验中,剂量≤5 0g kg时,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核的发生率与阴性对照相近,PASP不是染色体畸变型致突变物质。Ames试验显示,对TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102菌株,在加与不加S9,剂量为0 008～5mg 皿时,PASP的诱变指数最大值为1 45,诱变指数最小值为0 67,呈阴性,PASP也不是基因突变型致突变物质。综合各试验结果,可以初步认为PASP是环境友好型化合物。      

蚕豆根尖微核技术监测环境污染物的诱变活性

应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对10份矿尘样品、黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)和15份真菌提取物进行诱变性研究,结果有10份矿尘、AFB_1和5种真菌提取物能明显诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的增高;对其中5~#矿尘、AFB_1和杂色曲霉提取物进行剂量效应测定,显示了良好的剂量效应关系,提示具有诱变活性,这对当地的肿瘤发病率可能起重要作用。说明蚕豆根尖微核技术对研究环境诱变剂不失为一种有效的手段。