电化学法去除水中的硝酸根

以钛基氧化物涂层材料（Ti／SnO2-Sb2O5-IrO2）为阳极，碳纳米管修饰的石墨（GE—CNT）为阴极构建电化学系统进行硝酸根（NO3-）去除研究，考察了阴极材料、阴极电位和pH值对电化学法去除水中NO[的影响，同时检测了铵离子（NH4＋）和亚硝酸根（NO2-）的生成量。结果表明，利用碳纳米管修饰的石墨阴极可获得较好的硝态氮去除效果；随着阴极电位负移，NO3-去除率随之升高；酸性条件下NO3-去除率最高，NH；生成量也更多。对于由NO3-转化产生的NH4＋，在氯离子存在条件下再次进行电化学处理120min，其去除率可达97．1％。     

臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺阈通量及膜污染分析

采用碳纳米管(carbon nanotube,CNT)对聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)中空纤维超滤膜进行改性,结合臭氧预氧化技术,考察了臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺的阈通量及膜表面污染情况.结果表明,原膜阈通量为45 L·(m~2·h)~(-1),联用工艺下阈通量为81 L·(m~2·h)~(-1),联用工艺相对原膜阈通量提高了约80%;且联用工艺的污染速率最低,约为0. 001 37k Pa·min-1·L-1·m~2·h.相同臭氧投量与CNT负载量下,对比联用工艺阈通量与临界通量运行情况,得出阈通量下运行过水量高于临界通量运行,表明阈通量下运行能够缓解膜污染,延长膜组件的运行时间.膜污染碳平衡实验结果表明,采用CNT对膜改性后,膜组件的纳污能力与可恢复性得到明显提高,臭氧氧化能够进一步提高CNT改性膜组件的可恢复性,大幅提高其过水性能和使用时间.     

低温湿式化学法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列膜及其光催化活性研究

采用一种简单的低温湿式化学方法,即将预处理好的锌片直接放人5%甲酰胺水溶液中,在65℃烘箱中加热24 h,在锌片基底上成功制备出了大面积具有良好取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用XRD、SEM、DRs、PL等测试手段对其进行了表征.研究结果表明,ZnO纳米棒是六方钎锌矿晶,与基底垂直,具有沿(002)晶面择优生长的特征.另外,该阵列薄膜在379 nm附近发出强荧光,禁带宽度为Eg=3.28 eV.以自镇流高压汞灯为光源、以ZnO纳米棒为催化剂处理水中的甲基橙.结果显示,ZnO纳米棒的光催化反应为一级反应,表观速率常数与甲基橙的初始浓度有关.     

臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺对PVDF中空纤维膜污染进程的缓解

采用碳纳米管(carbon nanotube,CNT)对聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)中空纤维超滤膜进行改性,结合臭氧预氧化技术,考察了臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺对PVDF中空纤维膜污染进程的缓解作用,研究了CNT负载量和臭氧投量对中空纤维膜组件通量变化和抗污染性能的影响.结果表明,CNT负载量为3 g·m-2、臭氧投量(以O3/DOC计)为0.22mg·mg-1时,临界通量下[144 L·(m2·h)-1],膜组件单位面积过水量达到850 L·m-2,相比原始超滤膜过水量提高了4.5倍;低通量[18 L·(m2·h)-1]下运行15d,膜组件单位面积过水量达到3000 L·m-2,相比原膜单位过水量提高近10倍.使用共聚焦激光扫描电镜观测污染膜表面,结果表明,运行压力增长最快的原膜表面污染层内活菌数量最多;臭氧氧化与CNT膜均能够减少膜表面污染层内的微生物总量和活菌数量,从而缓解了运行压力的增长.臭氧氧化后CNT层的存在,进一步减少了膜表面污染层内的活菌数量,同时截留了部分死菌,但截留的死菌与运行压力增长无明显相关性.     

碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍空气扩散电极电-Fenton法降解水中对硝基酚

采用涂覆焙烧法制备碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍空气扩散电极,并用环境扫描电子显微镜和循环伏安法对其表面形貌和氧化还原特性进行了表征。考察了该电极还原O2产生H2O2的性能及对水中对硝基酚的降解性能。表征结果表明:碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍空气扩散电极具有多级孔道结构;在-0.6 V处具有较强的氧双电子还原峰。实验结果表明:当电流为150 m A、反应时间为120 min时,产生的H2O2的质量浓度为321.38 mg/L;在外加0.1 mmol/L Fe SO4形成的电-Fenton体系中,反应30 min后对硝基酚去除率可达95.90%;且该电极重复使用10次的对硝基酚去除率为92%~96%。     

Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation of ammonia by in situ photoelectrogenerated active chlorine on TiO2 nanotube electrodes

TiO_2 nanotube(Ti NT) electrodes anodized in fluorinated organic solutions were successfully prepared on Ti sheets. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were performed to characterize the TiNT electrodes. The linear voltammetry results under irradiation showed that the TiNT electrode annealed at 450°C presented the highest photoelectrochemical activity. By combining photocatalytic with electrochemical process, a significantly synergetic effect on ammonia degradation was observed with Na_2SO_4 as supporting electrolyte at pH 10.7. Furthermore, the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency on the ammonia degradation was greatly enhanced in presence of chloride ions without the limitation of pH. The degradation rate was improved by 14.8 times reaching 4.98 × 10~(-2) min~(-1) at pH 10.7 and a faster degradation rate of 6.34 × 10~(-2) min~(-1)was obtained at pH 3.01. The in situ photoelectrocatalytic generated active chlorine was proposed to be responsible for the improved efficiency. On the other hand, an enhanced degradation of ammonia using TiNT electrode fabricated in fluorinated organic solution was also confirmed compared to TiNT electrode anodized in fluorinated water solution and TiO_2 film electrode fabricated by sol–gel method. Finally, the effect of chloride concentration was also discussed.     

碳纳米管修饰电极对焦化废水的降解性能研究

文章制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(MWCNT-ME)并考察了其对焦化废水中难降解有机物的电催化性能.对MWCNTME的表面形貌、有机污染物吸附性能及苯胺和苯酚单项污染物电化学特性进行初步表征分析,在此基础上结合气质联用(GC/MS)检测和COD检测分析对比了MWCNT-ME与IrSnSb金属电极对焦化废水中难降解有机污染...     

La/Fe共掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解制糖废水

利用阳极氧化法在0.5％(质量分数)HF电解液中20V电压下,对抛光处理过的钛片进行阳极氧化20 min,制得有序的TiO2纳米管阵列.同时,以甲基橙为目标降解物,20 W紫外灯(λ=253.7 nm)为光源,探讨了制备La/Fe掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的最优工艺条件,并利用SEM、XRD对La/Fe掺杂前后TiO2纳米...     

碳纳米管阳极微生物燃料电池产电特性的研究

考察了以碳纳米管(carbon nanotube,CN)、活性炭(activated carbon,AC)和柔性石墨(flexible graphite,FG)为阳极材料的3种微生物燃料电池(CN-MFC、AC-MFC和FG-MFC)的产电性能,其最大产电功率密度分别为402、354和274 mW/m2,CN-MFC产电功率密度和库仑效率均高于AC-MFC和FG-MFC.CN-MFC、AC-MFC和FG-MFC的内阻分别为263、301和381 Q,以碳纳米管为阳极材料町以有效降低MFC的阳极内阻.稳定运行后3种MFC阳极蛋白质含量分别为149、132和92 ug/cm2,阳极上蛋白质含量与阳极内阻呈负相关.碳纳米管和活性炭粉作为阳极的MFC表面累计孔体积均高于柔性石墨阳极.3种阳极材料中柔性石墨的导电性最好,其次为碳纳米管.活性炭最低,与阳极内阻高低次序一致.测量CN.MFC、AC.MFC和FG-MFC内阻所需的稳定时间分别为1 800、1 200和300 S.     

Adsorption of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers on multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxidized by different concentration of NaOCl

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated and oxidized by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. The untreated MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs were employed as adsorbents to study their characterizations and adsorption performance of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (TEX) in an aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of MWCNTs were greatly affected after oxidation, which influences TEX adsorption capacity. The 3% NaOCl-oxidized MWCNTs shows the greatest enhancement in TEX adsorption, followed by the 30% NaOCl. More interestingly, the 15% NaOCl-oxidized MWCNTs has lower adsorption capacities than untreated MWCNTs. The adsorption mechanism of TEX on treated MWCNTs is attributed to the combined action of hydrophobic interaction, π-π bonding interaction between the aromatic ring of TEX and the oxygen-containing functional groups of MWCNTs and electrostatic interaction. 3% NaOCl solution could not only introduce much oxygen-containing functional groups on MWCNTs, but also lead to less damage for the pore structure. This suggests that the CNTs-3% NaOCl is efficient adsorbent for TEX and that they may possess good potential for TEX removal in wastewater treatment.