次级燃料还原燃烧产物内NOx的动力学特性研究

提出了在燃煤电站锅炉炉膛内添加次级燃料建立ＮＯｘ的还原区，以控制ＮＯｘ的排放，建立了描述ＮＯｘ还原动态过程的数学模型和化学动力学模型，对计算值和实测值作了比较分析。     

Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅ (Ｎ2 Ｏ)ｉｓａｖｅｒｙｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓ,ａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｚｏｎｅｌａｙｅｒｏｆｓｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＮ2 Ｏｍａｉｎｌｙｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.Ｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ａｃｃｏｕｎ…     

Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soft system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The nitrogen(N)distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW)and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland(MMCW)in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model.The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m~2.a),and total inorganic N(TIN)was the main body (0.640 gN/(m~2.a)).The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m~2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m~2,respectively.In plant subsystem,the N was mainly stored in root and litter.Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively.The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m~2.a)and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m~2.a),the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m~2.a),and the soil(0-15 cm)N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m~2.a), respectively.The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N,and the status might induce the degradation of C.angustifolia wetland.     

生物脱氮研究的新进展——全程自养脱氮工艺

介绍了生物脱氮研究的最新进展———全程自养脱氮工艺,并全面、系统地论述和分析了全程自养脱氮工艺的机理、自养脱氮工艺实现方式及其特点与技术关键,并指出了今后应着重研究的几个方面。     

降雨──产流过程与氮、磷流失特征研究

以于桥水库流域为例,通过人工降雨模拟实验与天然降雨径流过程监测,对所获主要营养盐物质──氮、磷的监测数据进行归纳、分析、验证,得出氮、磷随径流过程的输出特征,变化趋势、共性与差异,以及主要影响因子对氮、磷流失的影响过程与原因分析,为水体富营养化的防治研究提供依据．     

UV-Fenton氧化高浓度木糖生产废水的研究

采用UV-Fenton技术光催化氧化高浓度木糖生产废水,确定最佳操作条件为:pH=2.5,H2O2=46.62g/L,H2O2/Fe2+摩尔配比为50∶1,光照反应60min。此条件下废水COD去除率最高可达91.2%。经正交试验确定影响处理效果各因素的重要性顺序为:pH>H2O2浓度>光照反应时间>H2O2/Fe2+摩尔配比。UV的加入与单独的Fenton体系存在正相关的协同作用。经UV-Fenton处理后的木糖废水,可生化性大大改善,B/C指标从0.21升高到0.49。     

天然沸石吸附技术防治暴雨径流氮磷污染

文章介绍了滇池流域水污染现状，阐明了污染的主要原因。指出了沸石优良的吸附和离子交换性能及影响因素。并结合在控制暴雨径流氮磷污染的现场实验，指出其广阔的应用前景。     

改性催化裂化废催化剂吸附水中氨氮的研究

考察了振荡时期温度、ＰＨ吸附效果的影响，通过吸附热力学实验，探讨了吸附机理，结果表明，温度是影响吸附效果的主要因素；等温吸附规律可用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ模式和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模式较好地描述；可能的吸附机理为：一是ＮＨ分子通过偶极力和氢键方面吸附，二是ＮＨ４通过离子交换面吸附。     

降解酚的根瘤菌的研究

对两铢以铺代谢方式降解酚和离体固氮的根瘤菌(代号为:101-3,97-1)的特性进行了研究,其耐酚能力在1200ppm内,五天内能在完全培养基中把300ppm苯酚降解完;在含酚培养基中多次传代后,生长周期加快、产气,而结瘤特性丧失,但离体固氮酶活性比原菌株略有增加。经60ppm的吖啶橙处理后,获得的无质粒菌株,其降解酚的能力和结瘤特性完全消失,TTC(3-苯基-4-氮唑化氯)还原性增加,而革兰氏染色反应、运功性不变。     

三峡库区典型小流域氮磷流失特征

为揭示三峡库区农业非点源物氮、磷流失的一般规律,以三峡库区秭归县的张家冲小流域为研究对象,自2005年1月至2006年4月,在自然降雨条件下,同步观测降雨、地表径流量,并对2次降雨径流的全过程进行了氮、磷浓度的测定,对降雨过程中径流量及污染物浓度随降雨-径流变化过程进行了监测研究.结果表明,长期干旱后的初期降雨径流中的氮、磷浓度明显高于雨季径流中的浓度,且氮、磷浓度变化与流量变化呈现出大致相同的趋势.降雨初期,氮、磷浓度随径流量的增大而升高;随着流量的继续增大,浓度呈现出下降趋势.对浓度随流量变化过程的监测表明,与基流中的浓度相比,总氮和硝态氮的浓度变化幅度较小,而氨氮和总磷浓度变化的幅度较大,其最大值分别是其最小值的10和67.5倍.溶解性的氨氮排放主要受降雨条件的制约,而径流中的磷主要是以颗粒态存在通过对径流量和氮、磷排放负荷的多项式回归分析表明,TN、TP、NH4 -N和NO3--N的排放负荷和径流量之间存在着多项式关系,R2分别为0.9545、0.9740、0.9677和0.9504.