土壤重金属污染评价Fisher模型的建立与应用

针对南充市区土壤重金属污染片区的分类结果，为了判断其有效性，应用多类Fisher判别法，建立了南充市区土壤重金属污染评价的Fisher模型。通过检验，模型具有显著的判别效果，因而该模型可被用于判断环境评价分类结果的有效性。     

节能减排 实现钢铁企业可持续发展

通过对钢铁行业消耗水资源及产生污染情况进行分析，阐述了目前钢铁行业为节能减排而采取的管理、技术、污染治理措施，以达到减少废水外排量、降低污染物浓度、降低新水消耗的目的，对钢铁行业废水回用中尚存和潜在的工艺、设计问题进行了讨论，同时提出了通过清洁生产、优化工艺结构来解决问题的措施和建议，确立了企业近期和长期的节能减排任务目标。     

Fe^0对饮用水中砷的去除效率及影响因素

研究零价铁（Fe^0）的除砷效果,试验考察了Fe^0投加量、接触时间、pH值、DO浓度、温度、腐殖质、竞争性阴离子（SO4^2-,NO^3-,SiO2^3-,H2PO3^-,HCO3^-）对Fe^0除砷效率的影响。结果表明,Fe^0（80目）投加量为2g/L,接触时间180min,pH值为6.5,DO值6.5mg/L的条件下,对质量浓度为1mg/L的含砷水样,Fe^0对As（Ⅴ）的去除率高达96.5%,而对As（Ⅲ）的去除率只有75.8%。降低水样pH值或提高DO可显著提高Fe^0的除砷效率,温度对Fe^0除砷影响不大,水体中的腐殖质、磷酸盐、硅酸盐的存在会由于竞争性吸附而导致Fe^0除砷效率下降。采用Fe^0颗粒去除饮用水中的砷高效、经济,具有良好的应用前景。实际应用中,对于DO值较低的地下含As水,可通过充氧提高Fe^0除As效率。当水体中腐殖质、磷酸盐或硅酸盐浓度较高时,应考虑采取相应的预处理措施。     

火电厂烟气排放对广州大气环境的影响

广州市是酸雨、可吸入颗粒物污染严重的地区之一,这与其能源结构以煤为主有关.广州发电厂以燃煤为主,其周围大气采样数据分析显示燃煤电厂可对周围大气环境造成较大影响,是酸雨前体物、可吸入颗粒物的主要排放源.酸雨破坏了生态环境,也阻碍了经济的发展;燃煤排放的烟尘细颗粒物属于可吸入颗粒物,其上附着的As、Cr等微量元素多为致癌物质和致基因毒性诱变物质,对周围居民的健康危害极大.最后, 对当前的环境保护工作及存在的问题进行了阐述.     

室内环境污染危害及防治

介绍了我国室内环境污染问题的现状和室内环境中的主要污染物及其来源, 分析了室内环境污染对人体健康的危害,提出了针对室内环境污染的防治措施.     

化学性大气污染的植物修复技术

大气污染的植物修复技术是一种安全可靠的环境污染治理技术,也是目前大气污染研究的热点课题.介绍了植物对化学性大气污染物的吸附、吸收、同化、降解、转化等修复机理,并指出了其研究方向.     

清江高坝洲津洋口防护区水环境污染治理

介绍了湖北省清江高坝洲津洋口防护区的概况,对津洋口防护区水环境污染现状进行了分析和调查研究,同时得出了防护区的主要污染为工业废水污染.计算了津洋口防护区丹水河的水环境容量,并据此提出水环境污染治理方案.     

Sediment Production From Forest Roads in Western Montana1

Abstract: Unpaved roads are a primary sediment source in forested watersheds. Validation of erosion models and improvements to road management require information on road erosion rates and the factors controlling erosion. This study measured sediment yields from twenty ～0.05 ha unsurfaced (native) road plots in Belt Supergroup and glacial till parent materials of western Montana, and investigated the factors controlling erosion. Annual sediment yields for individual plots ranged from 0 to 96.9 Mg/ha/yr over 3 years (2002‐2004). Annual mean sediment yield ranged from 2.1 Mg/ha in 2003 to 9.9 Mg/ha in 2004 with an overall mean of 5.4 Mg/ha/yr. The mean of log‐transformed sediment yields for sites in glacial till parent materials was higher than Belt Supergroup parent materials (p = 0.063). A regression model with road slope, time since last grading, roadbed gravel content, and precipitation as predictive variables explained 68% of the variability in sediment yield (F = 28.2; p < 0.0001). Road erosion in western Montana is limited by low erodibility of the dominant parent materials and low rainfall. Management procedures such as reducing the frequency of grading can significantly reduce sediment yields from forest roads.     

Nutrient Uptake in a Large Urban River1

Abstract: Small streams have been shown to be efficient in retaining nutrients and regulating downstream nutrient fluxes, but less is known about nutrient retention in larger rivers. We quantified nutrient uptake length and uptake velocity in a regulated urban river to determine the river’s ability to retain nutrients associated with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. We measured net uptake of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved organic phosphorus, ammonium (NH₄), nitrate, and dissolved organic nitrogen in the Chattahoochee River, Atlanta, GA by following the downstream decline of nutrients and fluoride from WWTP effluent on 10 dates under low flow conditions. Uptake of all nutrients was sporadic. On many dates, there was no evidence of measurable nutrient uptake lengths within the reach; indeed, on several dates release of inorganic N and P within the sample reach led to increased nutrient export downstream. When uptake occurred, SRP uptake length was negatively correlated with total suspended solids and temperature. Uptake velocities of SRP and NH₄ in the Chattahoochee River were lower than velocities in less‐modified systems, but they were similar to those measured in other WWTP impacted systems. Lower uptake velocities indicate a diminished capacity for nutrient uptake.     

室内安全生态学研究

从人们最基本的生存需求之一:安全性需要和室内微型生态系统的可持续发展角度出发,对人们所面临的室内环境问题进行总结归纳;在安全生态学意义下对室内环境问题的研究重新进行了分类;在室内环境问题研究方面提出加强室内安全生态学研究的建议。对室内安全生态学研究提出一些新的观点和看法;给出了室内安全生态学的架构体系;较为全面地归纳了室内各方面的环境问题;初步探讨了如何构建室内安全生态学评价的理论体系。