辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚混合菌的构建及响应面优化

为提高辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OPnEO）的生物降解效果,在本实验室已筛选出的H1、TXBc10、OPQb11、TXBa23四株OPnEO高效降解菌的基础上,首次从构建OPnEO混合菌的角度,着重探究了四菌株等比例不同组合降解OPnEO的效果.结果表明,混合菌L9（H1：TXBc10：TXBa23为1：1：1）培养7d后对初始浓度500mg/LOPnEO的降解率最高,达到56.44%,比各单一菌株降解效果有较明显提高.运用单因素试验考察了影响L9的相关因素,初步确定L9降解OPnEO的最适外加碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和胰蛋白胨,最适初始pH值为7.0,最适温度为28℃,最适接种量为4%.Plackett-Burman试验筛选获得影响OPnEO降解率的3个显著因子为L9接种量、温度及初始pH值.最陡爬坡试验逼近3个显著因子的最大响应区域,采用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面法分析,确定L9的最优降解条件为50mL反应体系中接种量4.16%、温度28.20℃、初始pH值7.13、葡萄糖与胰蛋白胨浓度均为2%、OPnEO初始浓度500mg/L、180r/min培养7d,该条件下混合菌L9对OPnEO降解率达62.15%,比未优化条件提高了5%左右.     

夏季海河与渤海湾中壬基酚和辛基酚污染的状况

对夏季海河与渤海湾表层水中溶解态的壬基酚(NP)和辛基酚(OP)的污染状况进行了调查.结果表明,海河中NP和OP的浓度分别为160～429ng/L和18～56ng/L;渤海湾中NP和OP的浓度分别为33～132ng/L和n.d.～14ng/L.污水排放是海河中NP和OP的重要来源.渤海湾中NP和OP的浓度要远远低于海河,但是海水稀释不是造成其浓度降低的唯一原因.研究还发现该地区NP和OP与COD_Mn和TP具有显著的正相关.与珠江三角洲相比,该地区NP和OP污染情况较为严重,与国外其他类似区域相比则处于中等或较低水平.     

Concentrations of phthalate esters and identification of other additives in PVC children’s toys

This study was intended to provide data on the composition of soft PVC toys, addressing the widest practicable range of chemical additives and including non-phthalate additives. The study also included toys from as many countries as possible, since for many, no data were available. A total of 72 toys were purchased in 17 countries. The majority (64) were PVC or had PVC sections. In almost all the soft PVC toys analysed, phthalates comprised a sizeable proportion (most frequently 10–40%) of the total weight of the toy. The predominant phthalates detected were diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Other phthalates identified in high concentrations in some toys include isomeric mixes of diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). The estrogenic chemical nonylphenol was isolated from 13 toys, while 2 toys were found to contain the fungicide Fungitrol 11 (Folpet). 78% of PVC toys contained one or more extractable organic compounds in addition to those reported above. Some of these data have been released previously by Greenpeace and made available on the internet.This report, however, which is intended for a technically expert audience, has been peer reviewed and contains further analytical data that have not been published before.     

Sperm of rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) as an in vitro assay system of nonylphenol cytotoxicity

Nonylphenol （NP） is the final degradation product of alkylphenol polyethoxylates （APEs）, which are widely present in plastics, papers, pulp, detergents, pesticides, herbicides, paints and cosmetics. It is estimated that annual global production of APEs is about 500000 t, 60% of which eventually ends up in aquatic ecosystems primarily via wastewater （So16 et cd., 2000）. NP is resistant to biodegradation and persistent in the environment （Arukwe et al., 2000）.     

双酚A和壬基酚对河蚬呼吸代谢和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了研究双酚A（Bisphenol A,BPA）和壬基酚（Nonylphenol,NP）对河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）呼吸代谢能力和抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨BPA和NP对河蚬的毒性作用。以河蚬为受试生物,采用半静态染毒法,研究了BPA和NP对河蚬的单一毒性等级、联合毒性作用类型和对河蚬耗氧率、排氨率以及抗氧化酶系统中SOD、CAT活性的影响。结果显示：① BPA、NP对河蚬的半致死质量浓度（96 h-LC50）分别为6.34和1.09 mg＆#183;L-1,毒性顺序为NP＞BPA,二者均为高毒物质;② BPA-NP对河蚬毒性作用类型为协同作用;③亚急性毒性指标耗氧率、排氨率以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）对BPA、NP及二者混合物均比较敏感,在本试验的质量浓度范围内（BPA：0.63、0.79、1.59、3.17 mg＆#183;L-1;NP：0.109、0.136、0.271、0.542 mg＆#183;L-1;BPA＋NP：（0.0782＋0.029）、（0.0978＋0.0363）、（0.196＋0.0725）、（0.391＋0.145） mg＆#183;L-1）,河蚬耗氧率、排氨率以及两种酶活性变化均呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势,其中在BPA、NP和二者混合物的质量浓度较低时,河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率、SOD和CAT活性只有微小降低,随着质量浓度的升高,河蚬耗氧率和排氨率、两个酶活性相对均有所升高,而在质量浓度极高时其耗氧率和排氨率以及两个酶活性才又受到显著性或极显著性的抑制。实验结果显示河蚬耗氧率、排氨率和SOD、CAT活性对水体中酚类内分泌干扰物反应敏感,具有较好的一致性和规律性,耗氧率、排氨率和SOD、CAT活性与其他敏感性指标一起可以作为酚类内分泌干扰物污染的一项早期监测指标。     

Effects of nonylphenol on endocrine regulation-associated gene expression profiles in whole brain of F1 generation male rats

In order to determine the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on endocrine regulation-associated gene expression profiles in whole brain of F1 generation rats, mRNA extracted from the brain of 2-day old F1 generation rats whose F0 male generation was treated with NP. The mRNA was then reversely transcribed to cDNA and labeled with cy5 and cy3 fluorescence. Subsequently, cDNA probes were hybridized to the Mouse40S cDNA microarray and the fluorescent signals of cy5 and cy3 were scanned and analyzed. Sixteen genes were identified which expressed differently, including 13 that were down-regulated in which 4 were related to brain regulation of endocrine function. Data suggest that NP mainly affects metabolism and synthesis of steroid hormone in various ways and disturbs the reproductive function of male rats when administered perinatally.     

镉对铜绿假单胞菌降解水体中壬基酚的影响

探讨了镉(Cd)对铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)SH1处理壬基酚(NP)的影响.结果表明,P.aeruginosa SH1的生物量随着Cd2+浓度的增大有明显的降低,10 mg·L~(-1)Cd2+存在时,菌株在24 h的生物量下降27.1%;Cd2+的加入对于菌体吸附NP有较大影响.对于活菌,低浓度Cd2+(0.5 mg·L~(-1))能够促进P.aeruginosa SH1吸附NP,而高浓度Cd2+(≥5 mg·L~(-1))的加入起抑制作用.对于失活菌体,低浓度Cd2+的加入对于菌体吸附NP无显著性影响,而高浓度的Cd2+能够促进吸附作用;降解实验结果表明,胞内酶的降解速率要远远大于菌体.不同浓度的Cd2+对菌体和胞内酶降解NP有着不同的影响.当体系中存在高浓度Cd2+时,胞内酶和菌体降解NP均受到抑制,胞内酶受到的抑制作用更显著.低浓度的Cd2+对菌体降解NP有促进作用,而对胞内酶降解NP无显著性影响;胞内酶对NP的降解过程符合一级动力学反应模型,Cd2+浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时降解速率最快,半衰期为5.5 h,而菌体降解NP则不能很好地通过一级动力学模型进行拟合.     

室温下不同活化和氧化的干酪根对菲和壬基酚的吸附

对干酪根样品(OS)进行了活化和氧化处理(ZnCl_2(Z)和KOH(K)活化,H_2O_2(H)和NaClO(N)氧化),利用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)及CO_2气体吸附法对其进行表征,并对比研究其对非极性和极性有机污染物菲(Phen)和壬基酚(NP)的吸附行为.结果表明,样品的比表面积(SSA)和纳米孔体积(Vo)分别为76.57~104.00 m2·g~(-1)和30.68~41.67μL·g~(-1),与有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系.吸附实验表明,所有样品对菲和壬基酚的吸附均为典型的非线性吸附,对菲的吸附非线性因子n值(0.678~0.797)都大于对壬基酚吸附的n值(0.530~0.748),且对壬基酚的吸附容量(K'F为1358~3750μg·g~(-1))都大于对菲的吸附容量(K'F为435~1297μg·g~(-1)).此外,样品对菲和壬基酚的吸附容量与O/C和(N+O)/C呈显著负相关关系.纳米孔填充模型拟合表明,菲的吸附机理主要是纳米孔填充机制,但对壬基酚的吸附超过对菲的吸附这一现象与氢键作用有关.在KH(KOH活化+H_2O_2氧化,其余类同)、ON、KN处理组合上NP的纳米孔填充体积都有明显的提高,这一方面与纳米孔径大小的变化有关,另一方面与NP与表面—OH、—COOH、—NH_2等基团形成氢键有关.     

生物炭对西北黄土吸附壬基酚的影响

以壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)为目标污染物,采用批量实验法研究其在添加不同温度制备的小麦秸秆生物炭的黄土中的吸附动力学、吸附热力学,以及粒径、pH等影响因素.结果表明,不添加生物炭黄土吸附NP的快反应时间为10 h,而加入生物炭后,黄土对NP吸附的快反应时间缩短,为6 h;且快反应阶段添加生物炭黄土明显比不添加生物炭黄土对NP的吸附量多,但碳化温度不同的生物炭在此阶段吸附量差别较小.黄土和添加生物炭黄土对NP的吸附平衡时间均为16 h且符合准二级动力学模型.无论是否添加生物炭,NP在黄土上的热力学吸附过程都较好地符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,符合L-型吸附等温模式;随着系统温度的升高,黄土和添加生物炭的黄土对NP的饱和吸附量都呈增大趋势;NP的吸附自由能ΔGθ0,焓变ΔHθ0,熵变ΔSθ0,表明此吸附是一个自发吸热且混乱程度增大的吸附过程.在同一温度下,随着生物炭碳化温度的升高,NP在添加生物炭黄土中的吸附量逐渐增大.添加生物炭黄土的粒径越小,对NP的吸附量越大.pH值为4~7时,添加生物炭黄土吸附量随pH值的增大而增加;pH为7~10时,吸附量又随pH值增大而减小;表明添加生物炭黄土在中性范围内对NP的吸附效果最好,酸性和碱性都不利于NP的吸附.     

壬基酚对斑马鱼精巢组织及性激素合成酶基因表达的影响

壬基酚（NP）是广泛存在于水体中的环境内分泌干扰物,会影响鱼类的生殖和发育.为了解NP影响鱼类精巢发育的分子机制,将成年雄性斑马鱼（Danio rerio）暴露于不同浓度（0、125、250、500μg·L-1）NP下21d,用常规组织学方法研究试验鱼精巢组织结构的变化,并用荧光定量PCR（QRT-PCR）方法检测试验...