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991.
Impact of Bioaugmentation with a Consortium of Bacteria on the Remediation of Wastewater-Containing Hydrocarbons (5 pp) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Domde P Kapley A Purohit HJ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):7-11
Goals, Scope and Background It has been observed that hydrocarbon treated wastewaters still contain high COD and a number of intermediates. This suggests
that the required catabolic gene pool for further degradation might be absent in the system or, that its titer value is not
significant enough. By providing the desired catabolic potential, the overall efficiency of the treatment system can be improved.
This study aims to demonstrate this concept by bioaugmentation of a lab-scale reactor treating refinery wastewater with a
consortium having the capacity to complement the alkB genotype to the available microbial population.
Methods Two reactors were set up using activated biomass collected from a refinery treatment plant and operated at a continuous mode
for a period of 8 weeks. The feed to both reactors was kept constant. Crude oil was spiked regularly. One reactor was bioaugmented
with a consortium previously described for crude oil spill remediation. The efficiency of the bioaugmented reactor was demonstrated
by reduced COD. The changes in the microbial population over a period of time were analyzed by RAPD. Catabolic activity of
the biomass in both reactors was monitored by PCR. The presence of the catabolic loci was confirmed by Southern Hybridization.
Results and Discussion 52.2% removal of COD was observed in the bioaugmented reactor while only 15.1% reduction of COD was observed in the reactor
without bioaugmentation. The change in microbial population can be seen from the 4th week, which also corresponds to improved
catabolic activity. The presence of the bedA locus was seen in all samples, which indicates the presence of aromatic degraders,
but the appearance of the alkB locus, from the 6th week onwards, which was observed only in the samples from the bioaugmented
reactor. The results suggest that the gene pool of the bioaugmented reactor has catabolic loci that can degrade accumulated
intermediates, thus improving the efficiency of the system.
Conclusions In this study, improvement of efficiency of bioremediation was demonstrated by addition of catabolic loci that are responsible
for degradation. Bioaugmentation was carried out in biomass that was collected from an ETP (effluent treatment plant) treating
hydrocarbon containing wastewater to study the strategies for improvement of the treatment system. Biostimulation, only marginally
improved the efficiency, when compared to bioaugmentation. The improved efficiency was demonstrated by COD removal. The presence
of the alkB locus suggests the importance of a catabolic gene pool that acts on accumulated intermediates. It is well documented
that straight chain aliphatics and intermediates of aromatic compounds after ring cleavage, accumulate in refinery wastewater
systems, thereby hindering further degradation of the wastewater. Supplementation of a catabolic gene pool that treats the
lower pathway compounds and alkanes will improve the overall efficiency. In this study, results suggest that the alkB locus
can also be used to monitor the degradative mode of the activated biomass.
Recommendations and Perspective . Pollution from petroleum and petroleum products around the globe are known to have grave consequences on the environment.
Bioremediation, using activated sludge, is one option for the treatment of such wastes. Effluent treatment plants are usually
unable to completely degrade the wastewater being treated in the biological unit (the aerator chambers). The efficiency of
degradation can be improved by biostimulation and bioaugmentation. This study demonstrates the improved efficiency of a treatment
system for wastewater containing hydrocarbons by bioaugmentation of a consortium that supports degradation. Further experiments
on a pilot scale are recommended to assess the use of bioaugmentation on a large scale. The use of molecular tools, like DNA
probes for alkB, to monitor the system also needs to be explored. 相似文献
992.
Banerjee A Nayak D Chakrabortty D Lahiri S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):423-427
Attempt has been made to study the accumulation behaviour of a common plant, Mung bean (Vigna radiata) towards Cr(III) and Cr(VI) to have an insight on the migration and bio-magnification of Cr. For this purpose healthy germinated Mung bean seeds were sown in the sand in the presence of Hoagland's nutrient solution containing measured amount of K(2)(51)Cr(2)O(7) and (51)Cr(NO(3))(3).9H(2)O. Growth rate was also studied in the presence and absence of phosphate salts in the medium. It has been found that the transfer of chromium from soil to plant is significantly low (maximum 5% for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI)). Maximum accumulation of Cr occurs in the root with respect to the total chromium accumulation by the plant. Other parts of the Mung bean plant, e.g. cotyledons, shoot and leaves, show negligible accumulation. Therefore, the chance of direct intake of Cr through food as well as through the grazing animals to human body is less. 相似文献
993.
V. L. Finkenstadt C.-K. Liu P. H. Cooke L. S. Liu J. L. Willett 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(1):19-26
Sorbitol and glycerol were used to plasticize sugar beet pulp-poly(lactic acid) green composites. The plasticizer was incorporated
into sugar beet pulp (SBP) at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% w/w at low temperature and shear and then compounded with poly(lactic
acid) (PLA) using twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. The SBP:PLA ratio was maintained at 30:70. As expected, tensile
strength decreased by 25% and the elongation increased. Acoustic emission (AE) showed correlated debonding and fracture mechanisms
for up to 20% w/w plasticizer and uncorrelated debonding and fracture for 30–40% sorbitol and 30% glycerol content in SBP–PLA
composites. All samples had a well dispersed SBP phase with some aggregation in the PLA matrix. However, at 40% glycerol plasticized
SBP–PLA composites exhibited unique AE behavior and confocal microscopy revealed the plasticized SBP and PLA formed a co-continuous
two phase system.
相似文献
V. L. FinkenstadtEmail: |
994.
基于灰预测模型的大跨度预应力混凝土桥梁施工监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用灰色系统理论,建立大跨度预应力砼刚构-连续组合梁桥悬臂浇筑施工梁段立模标高预测的GM(1,1)模型,并用残差的GM(1,1)模型对其进行修正;同时把该预测模型应用于松原龙华松花江特大桥实际工程;其结果表明梁段立模标高预测精度较高,完全能够满足工程的需要,为同类桥梁的施工监测提供参考。 相似文献
995.
This paper aims to identify the main driving force for changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing during the period of 1981-2005. Sectoral energy use was investigated when regional economic structure changed significantly. The changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing are decomposed into production effects, structural effects and intensity effects using the additive version of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. Aggregate decomposition analysis showed that the major contributor of total effect was made by the production effect followed by the intensity effect, and the structural effect was relatively insignificant. The total and production effects were all positive. In contrast, the structural effect and intensity effect were all negative. Sectoral decomposition investigation indicated that the most effective way to slow down the growth rate of total primary energy consumption (TPEC) was to reduce the production of the energy-intensive industrial sectors and improving industrial energy intensity. The results show that in this period, Beijing's economy has undergone a transformation from an industrial to a service economy. However, the structures of sectoral energy use have not been changed yet, and energy demand should be increasing until the energy-intensive industrial production to be reduced and energy intensity of the region reaches a peak. As sequence energy consumption data of sub-sectors are not available, only the fundamental three sectors are considered: agriculture, industry and service. However, further decomposition into secondary and tertiary sectors is definitely needed for detailed investigations. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
单甲脒饱和蒸气压的测定和估算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用气体的法测单甲脒在15,25,35和45℃时的饱和蒸气分别为0.202,0.5546,1.95,6.29Pa;亨利常数计算值分别为6.30×10^-4,1.67×10^-3,5.68×10^0-3和1.78×10&-2,根据Clausius Clapeyron方程求出单甲脒在常温下气化热为89.2kJ.mol^-1。 相似文献
999.
Isobe T Takada H Kanai M Tsutsumi S Isobe KO Boonyatumanond R Zakaria MP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):423-440
A comprehensive monitoring survey for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals
(EDCs) utilizing mussels as sentinel organisms was conducted in South and Southeast Asia as a part of the Asian Mussel Watch
project. Green mussel (Perna viridis) samples collected from a total of 48 locations in India, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and
the Philippines during 1994–1999 were analyzed for PAHs, EDCs including nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A
(BPA), and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as molecular markers for sewage. Concentrations of NP ranged from 18 to 643 ng/g-dry
tissue. The highest levels of NP in Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Indonesia were comparable to those observed
in Tokyo Bay. Elevated concentrations of EDCs were not observed in Vietnam and Cambodia, probably due to the lower extent
of industrialization in these regions. No consistent relationship between concentrations of phenolic EDCs and LABs were found,
suggesting that sewage is not a major source of EDCs. Concentrations of PAHs ranged from 11 to 1,133 ng/g-dry, which were
categorized as “low to moderate” levels of pollution. The ratio of methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene (MP/P ratio) was >1.0
in 20 out of 25 locations, indicating extensive input of petrogenic PAHs. This study provides a bench-mark for data on the
distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in this region, which is essential in evaluating temporal and spatial variation
and effect of future regulatory measures. 相似文献
1000.
The effectiveness and influence of solutions oriented global environmental assessments (SOAs) rests on their legitimacy. Based on the GEA literature this piece reviews the legitimacy of GEAs and discusses its implications, and challenges and for the legitimacy of SOAs. This article is part of a special issue on solution-oriented GEAs. 相似文献