填料塔中DBU溶液对CO2脱除率的实验研究

温室效应日益受到各国政府和科学家的关注,如何实现CO2捕集成为温室气体减排的关键.本文通过搭建吸收CO2的填料塔,研究1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)溶液浓度、DBU溶液流量、气体流量、液气比、入口CO2浓度、气体温度和填料层高度对CO2脱除率的影响.结果发现CO2脱除率随DBU溶液浓度、DBU溶液流量和液气比的增大而增大;随气体流量和入口CO2浓度的增加而下降;气体温度在30~40℃时,CO2脱除率达到最高;填料层高度对CO2脱除率也有一定影响,随着填料层高度的增加,CO2脱除率只有小幅增大,因此实际应用中要综合考虑脱除率和经济性,选择合适的填料高度.     

Pilot‐scale field study for ammonia removal from lagoon biogas using an acid wet scrubber

The anaerobic activities in swine slurry storage and treatment generate biogas containing gaseous ammonia component which is a chemical agent that can cause adverse environmental impacts when released to the atmosphere. The aim of this pilot plant study was to remove ammonia from biogas generated in a covered lagoon, using a sulfuric acid wet scrubber. The data showed that, on average, the biogas contained 43.7 ppm of ammonia and its concentration was found to be exponentially related to the air temperature inside the lagoon. When the air temperature rose to 35°C and the biogas ammonia concentration reached 90 ppm, the mass transfer of ammonia/ammonium from the deeper liquid body to the interface between the air and liquid became a limiting factor. The biogas velocity was critical in affecting ammonia removal efficiency of the wet scrubber. A biogas flow velocity of 8 to 12 mm s^?1 was recommended to achieve a removal efficiency of greater than 60%. Stepwise regression revealed that the biogas velocity and air temperature, not the inlet ammonia concentration in biogas, affected the ammonia removal efficiency. Overall, when 73 g L^?1 (or 0.75 M) sulfuric acid solution was used as the scrubber solution, removal efficiencies varied from 0% to 100% with an average of 55% over a 40‐d measurement period. Mass balance calculation based on ammonium–nitrogen concentration in final scrubber liquid showed that about 21.3 g of ammonia was collected from a total volume of 1169 m³ of biogas, while the scrubber solution should still maintain its ammonia absorbing ability until its concentration reaches up to 1 M. These results showed promising use of sulfuric acid wet scrubber for ammonia removal in the digester biogas.     

PCDDs, PCDFs emission control by dry scrubbing system

Presently, in Japan there are no limitations on the emission of PCDDs or PCDFs, but in order to study the feasibility of dry type air pollution control, a pilot plant was constructed in 1988 and the removal efficiencies for PCDDs, acid gas and heavy metals were measured.At the same time PCDDs concentration was compared with that of a previously installed electrostatic precipitator (ESP) plus wet scrubber line.In this paper, the following two items are reported.

1. (1) The difference in the amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs produced due to differences in gas temperature and retention time in ESP and fabric filter (FF).

2. (2) Removal efficiencies of PCDDs and PCDFs of fabric filter.

PCDDs concentration, generally 100–200 ng/Nm³ at the boiler outlet (ESP inlet and/or Quench Reactor (QR) inlet), increased several times at the ESP outlet, but it showed almost no increase at the QR outlet due to a sudden temperature drop. The temperature was 280–310°C, and the gas retention time was 12 sec. during passage through ESP so that it is thought that PCDD was formed under these conditions.On the other hand, a removal efficiency of approx. 90% was obtained with the fabric filter, and the PCDD at the bag outlet was at a sufficiently low level.     

A Relaxed Eddy Accumulation System for the Automated Measurement of Atmospheric Ammonia Fluxes

A continuous relaxed eddy accumulation system ispresented for the automated measurement of surface/atmosphere exchange fluxes of atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) at a single height. The new system features sampling by parallel plate denuder inlets, online chemical analysis using the conductivity cell of a commercially available NH₃ analyzer and online flux calculation. The effective detection limit of the system for air concentrations is 0.2 g m^-3 and it is estimated to resolve fluxes > ± 20 ng m^-2 s^-1, depending on the NH₃ concentration and turbulence. The performance of the system was tested in two measurement campaigns above agricultural grassland, in which it was compared with a 3-point continuous gradient system. During the first campaign, after urea application of 47 kg N ha^-1 in autumn, the REA system derived fluxes which were on average twice as large as the gradient fluxes, while concentrations agreed closely (on average within 4%). Possible reasons include differences in the footprint and an over-correction of the gradient flux in stable conditions. Due to wet and cold conditions, only 0.3% of the fertilizer N was volatilized as NH₃ during the first week. Results from the deployment of an improved system are presented for a summer day, 6 days after fertilization with calcium ammonium nitrate. The agreement of both concentrations (on average within 13%) and fluxes (26%) was very encouraging and similar to the agreement found between two state-of-the-art gradient systems with online analysis.     

水膜除尘器利用碱性废水脱硫试验研究

水膜除尘器是目前应用较多的除尘装置，在水膜除尘器上利用碱性废水脱硫，脱硫率可达４５％左右，具有以废治废，实施方便 ，脱硫成本低等特点，有较好的推广应用价值。如要获得更高的脱硫率，必须对水膜除尘器作一定的改进。     

文丘里洗涤器除尘操作参数的优化设计与工程实践

通过理论分析,对工业文丘里洗涤器的操作参数进行了优化设计,推导出了最佳气速与液气比的计算公式,并已应用于工业生产。     

填料塔内部流场数值模拟

利用CFD方法模拟了三相填料塔内部流场的速度分布。采用欧拉—欧拉多相流模型描述流场内固体及流体的运动情况。通过5种不同高径比填料塔的模拟结果表明，当高径比〉8时，可将填料塔看作理想的平推流，为填料塔设计提供了设计依据。     

复三维电极生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中的硝酸盐

研究了以无烟煤和以颗粒活性炭为介质的复三维电极电化学-生物膜反应器脱除饮用水中硝酸盐的工艺，该工艺将复三维电化学产氢与以氢气为电子供体的自养反硝化工艺结合起来.实验表明，两种介质的反应器在不加任何有机基质时都能有效地脱除水中的硝酸盐，并且两种反应器的最大电流效率分别达到204％和185％.在水力停留时间不小于2.1—2.5h时，反应器的脱硝率接近100％.在34℃、槽压4.97V时处理21.4mg(NO     

硫酸镁对湿式石灰石烟气脱硫过程的影响研究

以旋流板塔为吸收器，探讨了硫酸镁对湿式石灰石烟气脱硫过程浆液pH值、脱硫率及石灰石利用率等的影响。实验表明，硫酸镁能促进石灰石等的溶解，延缓浆液pH值的下降，有效提高脱硫率。依据实验结果，分析了过程机理，计算对比了不同深度硫酸镁强化下石灰石的利用率随pH值的变化情况，综合考虑脱硫率和石灰石利用率等因素，确定适宜的pH值操作范围为5－6.     

K-600中子发生器的氚净化装置

采用摧化氧化和吸附原理,研制了一台氚净化装置.它可使氚浓度为2.3x10~6Bq/L的未净化气体净化到3.7Bq/L,去污因子(D=未净化时排放气体的氚浓度与净化后排放气体的氚浓度之比)达6.2×10~5.