硝基苯并噻唑重氮氨基偶氮苯固相萃取光度法测定镉的研究

研究了用硝基苯并噻唑重氮氨基偶氮苯(NBTDAA)固相萃取光度法测定镉,在pH＝10的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,TritonX-100存在下,NBTDAA与镉反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可被MCI-GEL 反相固相萃取小柱萃取富集,富集的络合物用丙酮洗脱后用光度法测定,在丙酮介质中体系最大吸收波长为525nm,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.32×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,镉含量在0.01～1.5 mg/L内符合比耳定律,方法用于痕量镉的测定,结果令人满意.     

纳米ZnO光催化材料的掺杂改性研究进展

纳米ZnO光催化材料的研究进展迅速,其光催化性能已接近或超过商业生产中用到的TiO_2材料(Degussa P25),而且它相比TiO_2材料更易于掺杂、更易刻蚀、在等离子体中稳定性好,未来有望在水污染治理和环境保护领域取代TiO_2光催化剂。概述了纳米ZnO光催化材料的制备、性能和掺杂改性研究进展,对纳米ZnO光催化材料的研究趋势进行了展望。     

钯催化剂性能及其对燃煤烟气中多环芳烃的催化净化

考察２种制备方法所制备的系列负载Ｐｄ催化剂经不同的灼烧温度处理后,催化芳烃燃烧的活性。结果表明,方法２制备的催化剂经９００℃灼烧处理后其催化活性较好,活性组分Ｐｄ含量为０．２％（Ｗｔ）的催化剂的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度分别为２２０℃和２４０℃。但经８００℃灼烧处理后催化剂明显失活。对催化剂进行了ＸＲＤ分析,以考察各催化剂的表面物相特性。并进行了实际燃煤烟气中的多环芳烃催化治理实验。结果表明,以优化方     

五氟氯乙烷的钯催化法加氢脱氯反应研究

催化加氢脱氯是有选择性地去除氟里昂(CFCs)分子中对臭氧层有破坏作用的氯原子,将其转化成可能的替代物氢氟烃(HFCs).以活性炭为载体的负载型钯催化剂对五氟氯乙烷的选择性加氢脱氯反应具有良好的催化活性,色谱分析表明,其生成产物五氟乙烷的选择性高达99%.活性炭载体经浓硝酸氧化处理后能明显提高负载型钯催化剂的催化活性和催化稳定性.这归因于载体表面生成了较多的表面含氧官能团,有利于提高载体表面Pd的分散度,影响了催化性能.进一步地动力学研究得出,五氟氯乙烷选择性加氢脱氯反应对H2和五氟氯乙烷的表观反应级数分别为1/4和1/2.      

氧化钆掺杂二氧化钛催化超声降解甲基橙的研究

用实验室合成的Gd2O3掺杂TiO2为催化剂,以甲基橙超声降解反应为模型,研究了各种因素对Gd2O3掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙的影响。研究结果表明,Gd2O3掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于非掺杂的锐钛矿型TiO2的情况;在甲基橙溶液pH1．0～3．0、甲基橙质量浓度20mg／L、溶液用量100mL、催化剂用量0．5～1．0g／L的条件下,用输出功率1．0W／cm^2和频率25kHz的超声波照射60min,甲基橙降解率可达98．6％,COD去除率可达99．0％。     

TiO2光催化剂的改性研究

采用浸渍法制备了掺杂Fe3+ ,用NH4 Cl提高单分散性并且用稀H2 SO4 表面修饰的TiO2 粉体光催化剂 ,考察了它与TiO2 在紫外光和日光作用下对直接耐晒黑G的降解效果。结果表明 ,以TiO2 干凝胶为母体 ,依次浸渍Fe3+ 、NH+ 4以及SO2 - 4所制备的粉体光催化剂Fe3+ /SO2 - 4/TiO2 在紫外光作用下降解效果比纯TiO2 高 2 .1倍 ,在日光作用下比TiO2 高 1 .9倍。X射线衍射分析表明 ,该法制备的TiO2 粉体中锐钛矿相占 1 0 0 % ,没有金红石相 ,平均晶粒粒径为 4nm ;红外吸收光谱分析表明 ,无论是纯TiO2 还是经过掺杂Fe3+ 、用H2 SO4 进行表面修饰后的TiO2 ,红外吸收光谱图基本相似 ,说明掺杂和表面修饰并没有极大地改变TiO2 的化学结构 ,光催化性能的提高归属于杂质能级的电子捕获陷阱作用、有效光成分增加和光生电子向反应物的迅速转移     

溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土Gd掺杂SnO2电催化电极的实验研究

本实验采用溶胶-凝胶法,以无机盐SnCl4·5H2O、Sb2O3、Gd(NO3)3为前驱体,制备稀土(Gd)掺杂Sn、Sb溶胶,以钛电极为基材利用该溶胶制备稀土(Gd)掺杂SnO2涂层电极.优化了溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土Gd掺杂SnO2涂层电极的实验条件,研究了在不同加水量、柠檬酸量、pH值等条件下所制备的电极以苯酚为目标有机物的电化学降解特性,对所获得的电极进行了TOC测试及SEM、XRD和XPS等表征,分析并讨论了稀土掺杂对SnO2电极性能的影响机理.结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土掺杂SnO2涂层电极是可行的,稀土Gd的掺杂有利于SnO2电极电催化性能的提高,而且不同的加水量、柠檬酸量、pH值对电极性能有一定的影响.本实验条件下,加水量(水与前驱体总量摩尔比)R为36、柠檬酸加入量(柠檬酸与前驱体总量之摩尔比)N为1.0、溶胶pH值为2时所制备的电极降解效果最好,电极最稳定.所获得的电极为纳米涂层电极,其表面涂层中SnO2、Gd2O3等催化活性物质的含量均较高,对苯酚的降解有较好的效果.     

N掺杂TiO2可见光催化降解有机物机理研究

实验研究了掺杂N的TiO2光催化剂在可见光下对有机物的降解机理,研究方法有:加入自由基俘获剂探索对反应速率的影响、有机物降解过程TOC与脱色比较,化学探针法测定了实验中存在的HO.。结果表明,有机物在脱色的同时苯环也在断裂,说明有机物的降解是受无选择性的氧化剂攻击而完成;除亚甲基蓝以外,加入自由基俘获剂对可见光反应速率均有抑制现象,证明自由基的攻击是有机物可见光催化降解的主要途径。分别以二甲基亚砜和水杨酸为分子探针,实验结果证明了光催化反应系统中存在HO.物种,前者与HO.反应形成特定的偶氮结构有机物在425 nm处有吸收,后者与HO.反应生成2,3-二羟基苯甲酸和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸。亚甲基蓝、苯酚和水杨酸经5 h的可见光催化降解后,其TOC分别降低了62.8%、78.9%和96.0%,说明掺杂N的TiO2有较强的可见光催化降解有机物能力。     

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2

Boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized using modified sol-gel reaction process and characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, particle size distribution （PSD）, diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of dye Acid Red B （ARB）. The results showed that the prepared photocatalysts were mixed oxides mainly consisting of titania, ceria, and boron oxide. The structure of TiO2 could be transformed from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile by increasing calcination temperature; the transformation being accompanied by the growth of particle size without any obvious change in phase structure of CeO2. The XPS of B1.6Ce1.0-TiO2 prepared at 500℃ showed that a few boron atoms were incorporated into titania and ceria lattice, whereas others existed as B2O3. Cerium ions existed in two states, Ce^3＋ and Ce^4＋, and the atomic ratio of Ce^3＋/Ce^4＋ was 1.86. When boron and cerium were doped, the UV-Vis adsorption band wavelength showed an obvious shift toward the visible range （〈526 nm）. As the atomic ratio of Ce/Ti increased to 1.0, the absorbance edge wavelength increased to 481 nm. The absorbance edge wavelength decreased for higher cerium doping levels （Ce/Ti=2.0）. The particles size ranged from 122 to 255 nm with a domain at 168 nm （39.4%）. The degradation of ARB dye indicated that the photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 were much higher than those of P25 （a standard TiO2 powder）. The activities increased as the boron doping increased, whereas decreased when the Ce/Ti atomic ratio was greater than 0.5. The optimum atomic ratio of B/Ti and Ce/Ti was 1.6 and 0.5, respectively.     

Synergistic effect of N-and F-codoping on the structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO2

Three types of Ti O2 nanostructures were synthesized via a facile hydrolysis method at195 °C. Effects of the preparation method and doping with N and F on the crystal structure and photocatalytic performance of Ti O2 were investigated. The nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller porosimetry, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescent emission spectra. Their photo-catalytic activity was examined by the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under both ultra-violet and visible light irradiation. The results show that nitrogen and fluorine co-doped anatase Ti O2 had the characteristics of a smaller crystalline size, broader light absorption spectrum and lower charge recombination than pure Ti O2. Most importantly, more efficient photocatalytic activity under both ultra-violet and visible light was observed. The obtained N–F-Ti O2 nanomaterial shows considerable potential for water treatment under sunlight irradiation.