去腐蚀产物膏及氧化膏性能研究

目的研究自主研发的BT-2G钢腐蚀产物去除和快速磷化膏、ALT-1铝合金去腐蚀产物膏以及LYG-2铝合金局部化学氧化膏性能。方法观察并检测各种膏体的外观、流淌度、处理时间,并研究BT-2G处理样品的漆膜结合力及氢脆性能,ALT-1的去腐蚀效率和基体腐蚀性,LYG-2处理样品的漆膜结合力和耐蚀性。结果各种膏体均匀浓稠,流淌度均小于1 mm,在3 h内均可以完成处理过程,另外,BT-2G处理的样品可以通过漆膜结合力和氢脆测试,ALT-1的去腐蚀效率大于90%且对基体基本无腐蚀性,LYG-2通过漆膜结合力测试且中性盐雾72 h无腐蚀。结论各种膏体均满足飞机外场维修使用要求,可应用于维护/维修。     

飞机结构的腐蚀与防护

目的研究军用飞机结构腐蚀情况,做好腐蚀的修理与防护,确保飞行安全和经济运行。方法对修理中遇到的典型飞机结构腐蚀进行分析,找出腐蚀的主要原因,并作出针对性修理与防护措施。结果飞机结构腐蚀得到了有效的控制,维修费用大大降低,飞机的飞行安全和使用寿命得到保障。结论军用飞机结构腐蚀越来越严重,日常维修中必须做到预防为主,防治结合,把腐蚀消灭在萌芽状态。     

A process perspective on psychological contract change: Making sense of,and repairing,psychological contract breach and violation through employee coping actions

Psychological contracts are dynamic, but few studies explore the processes driving change and how employees influence them. By adopting a process approach with a teleological change lens, and drawing upon the sensemaking and coping literatures, this study positions individuals as active and adaptive agents driving contract change. Employing a mixed methodology, with a four‐wave longitudinal survey (n = 107 graduate newcomers) and qualitative interviews (n = 26 graduate newcomers), the study focuses on unfolding events and develops an “adaptive remediation” process model aimed at unraveling contract dynamics. The model demonstrates how breach or violation events trigger sensemaking, resulting in initially negative employee reactions and a “withdrawal” of perceived contributions, before individuals exercise their agency and enact coping strategies to make sense of, and adapt and respond to, these discrepancies. A process of contract “repair” could then occur if the coping actions (termed “remediation effects”) were effective, with individuals returning to positive exchange perceptions. These actions either directly addressed the breach and repaired both it and the psychological contract (termed “remedies”) or involved cognitive reappraisal of the broader work environment and repaired the contract but not the breach (termed “buffers”). The results highlight the unfolding, processual nature of psychological contracting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

珠三角农用地土壤重金属污染治理修复研究实践与展望

利用改性膨润土材料稳定钝化修复重金属污染土壤技术对珠三角典型农用地土壤重金属Cd,Pb污染修复进行了研究与应用探讨。在对选择的典型污染工作区进行污染现状详细调查与评价的基础上,以钙基膨润土为基础材料,研制了18种改性膨润土修复材料,通过吸附解吸重金属实验筛选出7种吸附能力较强的改性材料;并通过盆栽模拟修复试验和污染场地示范修复试验,最终筛选出对Cd,Pb污染土壤有较好修复能力的修复材料,即巯基化改性膨润土及钠化胡敏酸改性膨润土。     

汞矿区土壤汞的影响因素及修复技术进展

以贵州万山汞矿区为例,对汞矿开采冶炼活动所产生的土壤环境污染状况进行了介绍,并综述了影响土壤中汞迁移转化的基本因素,最后论述了最近几年汞污染土壤修复技术的研究成果,以及修复技术实施的建议。     

污水处理场日常检维修作业的HSE管理

对污水处理场日常检维修项目进行分类，分析不同类型检维修作业工作危害，将不同类型的HSE施工作业指导书结合到进装置作业施工作业票的签批中，规范执行风险评价过程，并落实风险削减措施，以深化日常小型检维修作业的HSE管理。     

Profiling of the assembly of RecA nucleofilaments implies a potential target for environmental factors to disturb DNA repair

Double-strand breaks (DSBs), one class of the most harmful DNA damage forms that bring elevated health risks, need to be repaired timely and effectively. However, an increasing number of environmental pollutants have been identified to impair DSB repair from various mechanisms. Our previous work indicated that the formation of unsaturated RecA nucleofilaments plays an essential role in homology recombination (HR) pathway which can accurately repair DSBs. In this study, by developing a benzonase cutting protection assay and combining it with traditional electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis, we further investigated the assembly patterns of four RecA mutants that display differential DSB repair ability and ATPase activity. We observed that the mutants (G204S and S69G) possessing both ATP hydrolysis and DSB repair activities form unsaturated nucleofilaments similar to that formed by the wild type RecA, whereas the other two ATP hydrolysis-deficient mutants (K72R and E96D) that fail to mediate HR form more compacted nucleofilaments in the presence of ATP. These results establish a coupling of ATPase activity and effective DSB repair ability via the assembly status of RecA nucleofilaments. This linkage provides a potential target for environmental factors to disturb the essential HR pathway for DSB repair by suppressing the ATPase activity and altering the assembly pattern of nucleofilaments.     

新型高强不锈钢在海水中的腐蚀行为研究

目的 确定新型高强不锈钢在海水环境中的耐蚀性能和腐蚀机理。方法 通过海水浸泡试验、动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗测试考察新型高强不锈钢在海水环境中的腐蚀性能,并结合金相显微镜观察、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS),分析该不锈钢的组织结构和钝化膜组成。结果 新型高强不锈钢在海水中的自腐蚀电位稳定在0.012~0.020 V,点蚀电位为1.10 V,保护电位为0.89 V。海水中浸泡45 d后,电化学阻抗值仍然保持在10⁶ Ω.cm²数量级。这说明钝化膜表面并未出现点蚀的形核,钝化膜仍具有较好的保护性。该不锈钢具有典型的孪晶奥氏体结构,形成的钝化膜表层主要成分为FeOOH、Cr(OH)3等氢氧化物,内层成分主要为Fe3O4、Cr2O3、CrO3、单质Ni,具有较强的钝化膜修复能力。结论 该不锈钢在海水中具有良好的耐蚀性。     

盐生小藜对碱性土壤的修复作用研究

以碱性植物小藜为研究对象,在威海市高区玛珈山上提取实验组与对照组的土壤,分别测定能够描述土壤性质数据,通过比较实验组、对照组以及培养组中土壤颗粒关于空气体积、贮水能力、有机质含量、pH值之间的不同,分析得出盐生植物小藜对盐碱土具有修复作用.结合实际情况讨论在海边盐碱地上种植小藜的意义,为其他盐生植物的研究提供依据.     

ANAMMOX菌铁自养反硝化工艺的稳定性

在非严格厌氧的连续流反应器中,通过调节进水pH、外加一定浓度的Fe~(2+)以及定期更换新鲜铁粉这3种运行方式探讨维持厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)菌利用零价铁去除硝酸盐反应体系长期稳定运行的适宜条件.结果表明,随着反应进行、受零价铁表面钝化的影响,该体系硝酸盐去除率逐渐下降,反应器难以持续运行.在一定范围内降低进水pH(5～7),或者额外投加一定量的Fe~(2+)对改善该反应体系的稳定性效果不显著.通过定期更换新鲜铁粉的方式,可以有效提高硝酸盐去除率、增强反应器稳定性.相比对照组可稳定运行7 d,实验组可至少稳定运行60 d,硝酸盐平均去除率提高22. 23%.因此,采取适宜措施保证体系内有足够具有活性的零价铁、消除零价铁钝化的不利影响,是ANAMMOX菌利用零价铁去除硝酸盐反应体系高效、稳定运行的关键.