铜铈复合氧化物上石化行业典型VOCs的氧化行为与动力学

采用共沉淀法和等体积浸渍法制备了CuCeO x复合催化剂,对材料的物化性质进行了XRD、低温N2吸脱附、H2-TPR和O2-TPD表征.以石化行业典型VOCs(苯、甲苯和正己烷)为探针污染物,研究了污染物组成与浓度、反应空速、O2浓度、H2O浓度和催化剂种类对其氧化行为的影响,并对反应动力学参数进行了模型拟合.共沉淀得到的催化剂具有均匀的活性相、好的低温可还原性能和较多的活性表面氧物种.甲苯氧化率随着污染物浓度升高而降低,高转化率下苯浓度与其氧化率无相关性,正己烷的氧化率与入口浓度呈正比.苯能够显著抑制甲苯的氧化,而甲苯加入有利于苯的氧化.正己烷对苯氧化的影响较小,但能够促进甲苯的转化,苯系物对正己烷氧化有明显的抑制作用.低空速和高氧浓度都有利于污染物的氧化,氧浓度的变化对正己烷和苯的氧化影响较小.水汽对甲苯的氧化有明显的抑制作用,而对苯和正己烷氧化有明显的促进作用.共沉淀催化剂具有更好的甲苯和苯氧化性能,而无水条件下浸渍催化剂具有更好的正己烷氧化性能.拟一级动力学模型能够很好地模拟不同条件下污染物的氧化行为.     

Sulfur-containing amino acid methionine as the precursor of volatile organic sulfur compounds in algea-induced black bloom

After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs): methanethiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and dimethyl tetrasulfide (DMTeS). Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites (VOSCs, mainly DMDS) were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water’s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine+glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.     

Allelopathic effects of gallic acid from Aegiceras corniculatum on Cyclotella caspia

High abundance of algae and eutrophication were observed in mangrove wetlands and these were estimated to be associated with root exudates of some specific mangrove plants to a certain extent.Root exudates form allelopathic effects from mangroves.The main secondary metabolites of Aegiceras corniculatum had been detected to be organic phenolic acids.Gallic acid had been isolated and identified from A.corniculatum.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of gallic acid on alge Cyclotella caspia was tested as 15.46mg/L.The effects on algal cell morphology were mainly shown as elongated cells,with no apparent cell inclusions,such as oil droplets,chloroplast.At a dose of 2mg/L,gallic acid had a stimulative effect on the specific growth rate of algae on day 3.The contents of malondialdehyde,superoxide dismutase,soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll a in algal cells showed an overall "low promotion and high suppression".Our results could provide preliminary and valuable reference on the complex influences of mangroves on microecology and microbial communities in the rhizosphere system.     

Characterization of typical taste and odor compounds formed by Microcystis aeruginosa

Production and characteristics of typical taste and odor (T&O) compounds by Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated. A few terpenoid chemicals, including 2-MIB, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone, and a few sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were detected. β-Cyclocitral and β-carotene concentrations were observed to be relevant to the growth phases of Microcystis. During the stable growth phase, 41-865 fg/cell of β-cyclocitral were found in the laboratory culture. β-Cyclocitral concentrations correlated closely with β-carotene concentrations, with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.96, as it is formed from the cleavage reaction of β-carotene. For dead cell cases, a high concentration of dimethyl trisulfide was detected at 3.48-6.37 fg/cell. Four T&O compounds, including β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, heptanal and dimethyl trisulfide, were tested and found to be able to inhibit and damage Microcystis cells to varying degrees. Among these chemicals, β-cyclocitral has the strongest ability to quickly rupture cells.     

浙江发酵制药大气污染物排放标准制订研究

该研究分析了浙江省发酵制药行业主要大气污染物的排放状况,识别出了发酵制药行业使用的主要有机溶剂,其中丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和乙醇是该行业使用频率最高的4种有机溶剂,并得到了行业的挥发性有机污染物的成分谱。评估了发酵制药企业大气污染防治现状,并对行业大气污染防治以及环境管理等方面存在的问题进行了深入剖析。最后从发酵制药企业内部污染防治、完善行业环境监管的角度提出了发酵制药行业污染防治的基本对策和制订地方发酵制药行业大气污染物排放标准的基本思路。     

燃煤电厂烟气中的VOCs治理技术研究进展

综述了近年来国内外VOCs治理技术的性能特点和最新研究进展,包括活性炭纤维吸附技术、等离子体—光催化复合净化技术、催化燃烧技术和生物技术,并对VOCs治理技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

在线气相色谱测定园区中特征污染因子研究

近两年来,随着科学技术的不断发展,在线气相色谱分析仪已逐步在国内监测实际中得到应用,在线气相色谱的应用使挥发性有机物的实时、连续监测成了可能,有效改善了实验室监测数据的滞后性,减少了样品采集、储存、运输过程中产生的误差,结合常州市某化工园区大气特征污染因子预警系统的建设情况,简单介绍了在线气相色谱的工作原理和过程。通过特征污染因子标准曲线的建立和比对试验,说明了在线气相色谱环境监测应用的可行性。     

常州市典型臭氧污染天气过程及成因分析研究

臭氧是一种存在于地球臭氧层和近地面的气体,它对人类和环境是否有益取决于大气中存在的位置。高空臭氧层使人类免受紫外线伤害,而近地面臭氧是光化学烟雾产生的主要污染物,损害农作物、树木和其他植物生长,危害人体健康诱发儿童哮喘等疾病。本文结合2013年8月12日常州市出现的臭氧污染天气,利用气象和空气自动监测数据,对污染过程、变化特征和成因进行了分析。结果表明,在连续高温、太阳辐射强度大、风速低、大气扩散条件差等气象因素和臭氧前体物（NMHC）较高等不利条件下,易形成臭氧污染天气,导致空气质量下降。     

北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物健康风险评价

采用低温固体吸附采样,热脱附-气相色谱-质谱方法对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行了观测分析,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价四步法评价模型,对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果表明,芳香族类的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-1数量级,卤代烃的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-5数量级,挥发性有机污染物的非致癌风险系数〈1,不会对暴露人群健康造成明显的非致癌危害.但苯的致癌指数较高（2.21×10-5）,超过了USEPA的建议值（1×10-6）,可能对人体健康造成潜在危害.在一年四季的健康风险中,冬季VOCs的健康风险最高,秋季次之,夏季最低.     

鼎湖山秋季大气细粒子及其二次无机组分的污染特征及来源

利用大气颗粒物质量浓度分析仪（TEOM）及大气细粒子快速捕集及其化学成分自动在线分析系统（RCFP-IC）于2008年10～11月在中国科学院华南植物园鼎湖山定位站进行了大气细粒子（PM2.5）及其二次无机组分（SO42-、NH 4＋和NO 3-）与相关污染气体组分的同步观测与分析,同时结合主成分分析和HYSPLIT轨...