简单多边形的三角化算法

提出了一种针对简单多边形的快速三角化算法。该算法利用了多边形的方向性,计算出了多边形每个顶点凹凸性。根据多边形的凹点和凸点的特性,将多边形逐步分割成一系列不可再分割的三角形,实现了多边形的三角化。     

Determining heavy metals in spent compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and their waste management challenges: Some strategies for improving current conditions

From environmental viewpoint, the most important advantage of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) is reduction of green house gas emissions. But their significant disadvantage is disposal of spent lamps because of containing a few milligrams of toxic metals, especially mercury and lead. For a successful implementation of any waste management plan, availability of sufficient and accurate information on quantities and compositions of the generated waste and current management conditions is a fundamental prerequisite. In this study, CFLs were selected among 20 different brands in Iran. Content of heavy metals including mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and chromium was determined by inductive coupled plasma (ICP). Two cities, Tehran and Tabriz, were selected for assessing the current waste management condition of CFLs. The study found that waste generation amount of CFLs in the country was about 159.80, 183.82 and 153.75 million per year in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Waste generation rate of CFLs in Iran was determined to be 2.05 per person in 2012. The average amount of mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and chromium was 0.417, 2.33, 0.064, 0.056 and 0.012 mg per lamp, respectively. Currently, waste of CFLs is disposed by municipal waste stream in waste landfills. For improving the current conditions, we propose by considering the successful experience of extended producer responsibility (EPR) in other electronic waste management. The EPR program with advanced recycling fee (ARF) is implemented for collecting and then recycling CFLs. For encouraging consumers to take the spent CFLs back at the end of the products’ useful life, a proportion of ARF (for example, 50%) can be refunded. On the other hand, the government and Environmental Protection Agency should support and encourage recycling companies of CFLs both technically and financially in the first place.     

Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)处理荧光增白剂废水中试研究

采用Fenton氧化-前置反硝化缺氧好氧池(A/O)对荧光增白剂废水IC出水进行中试实验研究。实验表明,在Fe2+投加量为0.003 mol/L,进水pH值为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]为4∶1,反应时间为2 h的条件下,Fenton氧化法对COD的去除率可以达到46%以上,出水BOD5/COD的值由0.26提高到0.58。氧化后废水进入前置反硝化生物脱氮系统进行生化处理,该系统采用间歇式进水,水力停留时间为2 d,实验结果表明,A/O系统对COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达41%、90%以上和86%。该组合工艺对COD的总去除率可达到67%,出水氨氮在20 mg/L以下,总氮在37 mg/L以下。     

不同氨氮填加量下沉水植物对沉积物DOM荧光特性的影响

采用三维荧光光谱技术,模拟研究了不同氨氮添加量(0,100,200和400 mg/kg)下沉水植物对湖泊沉积物DOM(溶解性有机质)荧光特性的影响.结果表明:不同氨氮添加量下,沉水植物的存在明显增强沉积物DOM荧光强度,其中对类蛋白质和类氨基酸组分荧光强度影响较大(荧光强度分别增大了20%～77%和27%～56%);而对类腐殖酸和类富里酸组分影响相对较小(荧光强度分别增大了5%～25%和21%～29%). 添加氨氮可增强沉水植物对沉积物DOM荧光强度影响的程度,当添加量为100 mg/kg时,沉水植物生长最旺盛,沉积物DOM中类蛋白质和类氨基酸组分荧光强度增幅最大(分别约77%和56%);即外源氨氮通过增加沉积物蛋白质和氨基酸含量增强了沉积物有机氮的生物有效性;而在其他添加量下,DOM各荧光组分强度增幅不大,即适当添加外源氨氮,可通过促进沉水植物生长增加沉积物中蛋白质和氨基酸等含量,从而提高沉积物有机氮的生物有效性.      

钻井液及其组分对中肋骨条藻的毒性效应（Toxic Effects of Water-Based Drilling Fluid and Its Components on Skeletonema costatum）

为探讨钻井液及其组分的毒性效应,采用荧光技术研究了一种水基钻井液WBF及其7种主要组分(HXJ、PAC141、KPAM、PolyAL、XC、PolyA、Mud)对海洋微藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的毒性作用,以未加入WBF或其组分的中肋骨条藻的叶绿素荧光强度为参照,计算得到钻井液及其组分对中肋骨条藻不同时间的EC50值.结果表明:WBF的7种单组分中,PolyA对中肋骨条藻的96h EC50=2×103mg·L-1,为有毒组分,PolyAL的96h EC50=3×104mg·L-1,为低毒组分,其余5种组分无毒;WBF的有毒和低毒组分复配时其毒性与作用时间有关,PolyA与PolyAL在24h之内表现为协同作用,之后主要表现为拮抗作用;WBF的毒性主要取决于其有毒组分,而低毒和无毒组分对钻井液的毒性有协同增强作用.     

生物传感器在环境监测中的研究进展

详细介绍了生物传感器相关知识.讨论了各类生物传感器在水、大气环境监测领域中的应用, 指出了应用中存在的问题,展望了生物传感技术及传感器在环境监测领域的应用前景.     

生物膜反应器脱氮性能及其硝化细菌的研究

采用模拟含氮废水对自行设计制作的A/O生物膜反应器进行脱氮性能研究。研究结果表明：在水温为20～23℃、水力停留时间为18h、进水总氮质量浓度为61～78m g/L、曝气量为25L/min、进水COD分别为110～165m g/L和205～272m g/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率均在90%以上,硝化率分别为98%和95%,总氮去除率分别为50%和78%。采用荧光原位杂交技术对反应器各区域中的硝化细菌进行了检测。结果表明,反应器中的硝化菌主要为亚硝化螺菌属和硝化螺菌属,有少量亚硝化单胞菌属和硝化杆菌属存在。亚硝化菌和硝化菌在好氧区数量相对较多,在缺氧区数量相对较少。     

Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges

Critical methodological challenges in the microbial biosensor approach to assessing Hg(II) bioavailability were evaluated from the perspective of analytical chemists. The main challenge stems from the fact that the chemical speciation of Hg(II) in natural waters exerts a major control on its bioavailability, yet its natural complexation equilibria are extensively altered during conventional bioassays. New data, obtained using a bioluminescent Hg(II)-biosensor, that illustrate these challenges are presented and potential solutions proposed.     

Construction of WCB-11: A novel phiYFP arsenic-resistant whole-cell biosensor

The prediction and assessment of environmental pollution by arsenic are important preconditions of advocating environmental protection and human health risk assessment.A yellow fluorescent protein-based whole-cell biosensor for the detection of arsenite and arsenate was constructed and tested.An arsenic-resistant promoter and the regulatory gene arsR were obtained by PCR from the genome of Escherichia coli DH5α,and phiYFP was introduced into E.coli DH5α as a reporter gene to construct an arsenic-resistant whole-cell biosensor(WCB-11) in which phiYFP was expressed well for the first time.Experimental results demonstrated that the biosensor has a good response to arsenic and the expression of phiYFP.When strain WCB-11 was exposed to As 3+ and As 5+,the expression of yellow fluorescence was time-dependent and dose-dependent.This engineered construct is expected to become established as an inexpensive and convenient method for the detection of arsenic in the field.     

胃蛋白酶与对磺酸基杯芳烃相互作用研究

采用荧光光谱法和紫外可见分光光度法研究了胃蛋白酶与对磺酸基杯芳烃和对磺酸基杯芳烃相互作用时光谱性质的变化,发现两种对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶的荧光均有猝灭作用,并根据Stern—Volmer方程及紫外-可见吸收光谱得出猝灭机理均为静态猝灭。根据反应的热力学参数得出对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶的作用力均属于静电作用力,并依据Forster无辐射能量转移理论得出荧光给体（胃蛋白酶）-受体（对磺酸基杯芳烃）间的距离r。用同步荧光光谱技术考察了两种对磺酸基杯芳烃对胃蛋白酶构象的影响。