Pattern of lionfish envenomations reported to Texas poison control centers, 1998–2006

The purpose of this study was to describe a large number of lionfish envenomations reported to poison control centers. Cases were lionfish envenomations reported to Texas poison control centers during 1998–2006. The distribution of cases was determined for selected parameters. A total of 188 cases were identified. Of the cases with a known location of envenomation, 94% involved the finger or hand. The patient was male in 72% of the cases, and the mean age was 32 years (range 4–65 years). The most frequently reported adverse clinical effects were dermal pain (89%) and a puncture or wound (66%). The most commonly reported treatments were immersion in hot water (84%) and tetanus antitoxin/status (48%). Patients with lionfish envenomations reported to Texas poison control centers were most often adults and males. The reported adverse clinical effects were typical of lionfish envenomations, and the treatments were generally consistent with the recommended guidelines.     

环境工艺方法论研究——以毒攻毒法

以毒攻毒法是现代环境工艺中一类非常重要的方法。本文论述了以毒攻毒法的定义,枚举了该法在环境工艺中的应用成果,在此基础上讨论了它的哲学内涵。     

油茶籽饼粕有机脱毒及作猪饲料的营养价值

本文通过对油茶饼粕脱毒和营养成分的研究,结合含15%脱毒茶饼试验日粮作喂猪试验,得到当浸提次数 n=5次时,饼粕中皂素含量小于3%,喂猪的适口性好,且无毒理反应,脱毒茶饼中蛋白质含量达23.04%,可作为蛋白质饲料进行开发。     

Effects of social networks on interventions to change conservation behavior

Social networks are critical to the success of behavioral interventions in conservation because network processes such as information flows and social influence can enable behavior change to spread beyond a targeted group. We investigated these mechanisms in the context of a social marketing campaign to promote a wildlife poisoning hotline in Cambodia. With questionnaire surveys we measured a social network and knowledge and constructs from the theory of planned behavior at 3 points over 6 months. The intervention initially targeted ∼11% (of 365) of the village, but after 6 months ∼40% of the population was knowledgeable about the campaign. The likelihood of being knowledgeable nearly doubled with each additional knowledgeable household member. In the short term, there was also a modest, but widespread improvement in proconservation behavioral intentions, but this did not persist after 6 months. Estimates from stochastic actor-oriented models suggested that the influences of social peers, rather than knowledge, were driving changes in intention and contributed to the failure to change behavioral intention in the long term, despite lasting changes in attitudes and perceived norms. Our results point to the importance of accounting for the interaction between networks and behavior when designing conservation interventions.     

丙烯腈生产中防止氢氰酸中毒措施及效果

丙烯腈生产工艺产生的副产品氢氰酸属于剧毒物质,生产过程中容易发生氢氰酸中毒事故,具有较大的危险性.因而,采取有效的安全措施是正常生产的保障.     

能源供应系统地震灾害链研究

预防和减轻能源供应系统的地震灾害危险性是防震减灾中的重要课题。通过对以往能源供应系统地震灾害特点的分析和总结，提出用灾害链理论来研究系统的地震灾害问题。研究了能源供应系统中的石化系统在遭遇破坏性地震作用时，地震灾害链的形成过程及形成机理，并给出了石化系统地震灾害链示意图，最后论述了灾害链的切断与控制方法，为防震减灾研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

废弃泥浆对农作物毒性影响研究

通过采用废弃泥浆对水稻、大麦、和小麦的发芽试验及田间实验,对作物生长发育的几项指标的影响差异进行了研究,结果表明：废弃泥浆对作物毒害效应顺序依次为小麦>大麦>水稻。泥浆中的有毒有机物毒性效应较重金属明显,其次,泥浆的致密性也是影响作物生长的主要原因。     

浙南海域麻痹性贝毒研究

在浙南海域共采集了10种贝类40份样品.运用高效液相色谱方法检测麻痹性贝毒,共检出5份样品含有麻痹性贝毒.染毒样品检出的麻痹性贝毒毒力值范围为22.3～70.0 μgSTXeq/100 g软组织,均低于我国目前暂定的80μgSTXeq/100 g的安全警戒值.5个样品中共检测出7种麻痹性贝毒成分,其中以C2,GTX5和...     

Toxicity of the venom in three neotropical Crematogaster ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae)

Bioassays were performed to investigate and compare the toxic properties of the contact venoms of three Neotropical Crematogaster species (C. sp. prox. abstinens, C. distans and C. brevispinosa rochai), whose main venom compounds are chemically different (long chain derivatives linked to an aldehyde or a primary acetate, and furanocembrenoid diterpenes, respectively). Different quantities of venom were topically applied on the bodies of three target insect species (workers of the termite Nasutitermes ephratae, workers of the ant Solenopsis sp., “media” and “major” workers of the ant Cephalotes pusillus). The toxicity of the venom greatly varied according to the Crematogaster species, the venom of C. b. rochai showing the highest toxic activity towards all target species. The sensitivity of the target species also greatly varied, the workers of N. ephratae showing a great sensitivity to the venoms, while the heavily armoured workers of the ant C. pusillus, particularly “major” ones, were resistant. Cuticle thickness was found to be a key factor in the resistance to the toxic effects of Crematogaster venom. Sensitivity of the target workers was also directly related to the amount of venom applied to their cuticle. Workers of C. distans were resistant to topical application of their own venom, while C. sp. prox. abstinens and C. b. rochai were not. In all cases, the venoms were slow acting, as several hours to one or even several days were needed to obtain a significant mortality. The main biological activities of the Crematogaster venom could be related to more immediate repellent properties, as recently shown with the European species C. scutellaris.     

一起煤气中毒事故的分析

通过河南济源钢铁公司一起煤气中毒事故的分析,提出了具体和有效的对策措施。