不同类型组合与滞留时间下串联型基质床净污效果

研究了不同基质床组合和不同滞留时间下对模拟生活污水的净化效果，并对2个影响因素进行二维方差分析。选取砾石、炉渣和沸石作为级配基质，构建由表流型基质床和潜流型基质床组成的4种三级串联基质床组合，设定污水滞留时间为1、3和5h。结果表明，不同基质床组合的净污效果存在显著性差异，其中由2个表流型基质床和1个潜流型基质床组成的系统对CODMn、NH4＋-N和PO34--P的去除率最高。不同滞留时间的净污效果也存在显著性差异，且污水在系统中滞留时间越长，去污效率越高。尽管不同基质床组合和滞留时间都对CODMn、NH4＋-N和PO34--P去除率有着显著性影响，但基质床组合与滞留时间的交互作用对去除率影响却不显著。     

我国废弃电子电器产品的回收体系研究

分析了废弃电子电器产品的特点，介绍了国内外废弃电丰电器产品的回收处理现状，结合生产者责任延伸制度，从观念、法律、管理、企业、收费等方面对我国废弃电子电器产品回收体系的建设进行了探讨，并提出了建议。     

大庆宋芳屯油田开发对周围草原羊草群落的影响

油田开发过程中 ,由于污染物的排放 ,对油田周围的生态系统将产生一定的影响。以大庆宋芳屯油田开发活动为例 ,通过实地调研和实验 ,分析了油田开发建设对草原羊草群落的影响和羊原群落的恢复规律。结果表明 :油田采油、贮存、运输及其他生产过程中产生大量的环境污染物 ,对油井周围环境中的植物生长发育及作物品质有一定的影响 ;黑钙土和风沙土上的钻井场可在 4～ 5a内恢复为羊草为优势种的群落     

铁岭市线源车流量调查及污染物排放量的估算

通过对辽宁省铁岭市主要交通干线车流量的调查，估算出不同干线污染物的排放量，借以掌握线源污染物排放量，为环境管理提供依据。     

Improving the prediction of air pollution peak episodes generated by urban transport networks

This paper illustrates the early results of ongoing research developing novel methods to analyse and simulate the relationship between trasport-related air pollutant concentrations and easily accessible explanatory variables. The final scope is to integrate the new models in traditional traffic management support systems for a sustainable mobility of road vehicles in urban areas.This first stage concerns the relationship between the hourly mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and explanatory factors reflecting the NO₂ mean level one hour back, along with traffic and weather conditions. Particular attention is given to the prediction of pollution peaks, defined as exceedances of normative concentration limits. Two model frameworks are explored: the Artificial Neural Network approach and the ARIMAX model. Furthermore, the benefit of a synergic use of both models for air quality forecasting is investigated.The analysis of findings points out that the prediction of extreme concentrations is best performed by integrating the two models into an ensemble. The neural network is outperformed by the ARIMAX model in foreseeing peaks, but gives a more realistic representation of the concentration's dependency upon wind characteristics. So, the Neural Network can be exploited to highlight the involved functional forms and improve the ARIMAX model specification. In the end, the study shows that the ability to forecast exceedances of legal pollution limits can be enhanced by requiring traffic management actions when the predicted concentration exceeds a lower threshold than the normative one.     

Cost effective management of stochastic coastal water pollution

This study develops a theoretical tool for investigating the impact on cost effective coastal water management from explicit treatment of: coastal pollutant transports, stochastic pollutant transports in the catchment areas, and wetlands as a pollutant abatement option. It is applied to a relatively well investigated estuary, Himmerfjärden, south of the Swedish capital, Stockholm. The theoretical results indicate that all three factors influence cost effective allocation of measures and associated design of economic instruments. The consideration of stochastic pollutant transports will increase costs, but the direction of influence of the other two factors cannot be determined without empirical support. The application to nitrogen transport in Himmerfjärden shows that, for target nitrogen reductions given in terms of a percentage of pre-abatement loads, the inclusion of coastal transports in the cost calculations lowers the estimated total costs for targets interpreted in terms of nitrogen loads to the marine water. The alternative investigated target interpretation was in terms of nitrogen loads to coastal waters. Depending on the ability of wetlands to abate nitrogen and to change the variance in pollutant load to the coastal recipients, costs are either increased or decreased as compared to when wetlands are excluded as nitrogen abatement options.     

实行居民生活垃圾浮动定额收费的探讨

根据污染者付费原则,各国都开展了生活垃圾收费的实践.本文对定额收费制、从量收费制、超量收费制三种基本的生活垃圾收费方式进行了比较分析.在此基础上,笔者结合上海当前实际提出了浮动定额收费系统,并就该系统的框架和制度进行了探讨性的设计.     

水体污染物为导向的流域环境审计模式

日益严峻的环境问题表明,环境行政部门的单一管理模式已难以适应环境监管的需要,独立的第三方监督已成为必要.环境审计实务中多采用以项目为导向,以资金审计为重点的审计模式,难以适应逐步向绩效审计发展的环境审计的需要.本文分析了水体污染区域性、复杂性和累积性等特点,将其与审计理论相结合,构建了以流域主要污染物或特征污染物为导向的审计模式,探讨了以水体污染物迁移特点为基础的流域环境审计范围和重点区域的划分方法,建立了专家评价法、文献调查法、实地监测法等导向污染物调查方法,根据水体污染累积性的特点,从环境治理项目、生态恢复效果等层次确立了审计对象,按政策制度、项目管理、专业技术等层面确定了审计内容,给出了周期性审计、周期内跟踪审计等适合水体环境审计要求的审计方式,并结合太湖流域进行了较为系统的分析,为水环境审计的深入开展提供一定的指导.     

电化学水处理技术的研究和应用

介绍了电化学技术的分类，总结了电化学技术在处理有机废水、重金属离子废水和氨氮废水方面的研究及应用现状，并指出了该技术在目前的应用中所存在的一些问题，探讨了今后的发展方向。     

污泥水解酸化过程中污染物的释出及其影响因素研究

为了回收利用污泥中的有机物、氮和磷，研究了将厌氧污泥接种到吸附了污染物质的剩余污泥中，对污泥水解酸化的促进以及污泥中微生物所摄取污染物质的释出规律；揭示了厌氧条件下发酵时间、污泥量、pH和热处理对污染物释出的影响。结果表明，接种24 h后污染物被大量释放出来；在发酵时间为24 h条件下，污染物释出量与污泥质量成正比；吸附了污染物的剩余污泥相对含量越高，释磷量越大；污泥厌氧发酵时，碱性条件下有机物和正磷酸盐的释出量大于酸性条件，加碱调高pH可有效促进氨氮的释出；对吸附了污染物的剩余污泥进行短时热处理可有效缩短其厌氧发酵时污染物的释出时间。结果表明，控制污泥厌氧水解发酵条件可以促进污染物的释出，有利于下一步的回收。