半焦用于选择性催化还原脱硝的研究进展

综述了活性半焦用于选择性催化还原脱硝技术中的研究现状,介绍了半焦自身的催化机制和半焦活性的影响因素,阐述了半焦的活化方法以及作为载体负载金属催化剂的种类和研究进展,讨论了活性半焦基催化剂在抗水中毒和抗硫中毒方面的研究情况,展望了活性半焦作为新型载体材料在低温选择性催化还原脱硝中的应用前景。     

低温NH_3-SCR脱硝催化剂的研究现状与进展

高效催化剂的研制与开发是低温氨气选择性催化还原(NH_3-SCR)脱硝技术的核心。从活性组分(单一氧化物型、复合氧化物型)和载体(金属氧化物、碳基材料、分子筛)两方面详细介绍了低温NH_3-SCR催化剂,总结了其研究现状,并讨论了其抗水、抗硫性能及失活原因。指出在保证催化剂具有较高活性的同时提高其抗水、抗硫性能,是低温NH_3-SCR催化剂未来研究的重点。     

PVA/ZnONPs活细胞固定化载体的构建及喹啉生物降解特性试验研究

利用ZnO纳米颗粒(ZnONPs)修饰聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备活细胞固定化载体,并将喹啉降解菌Ochrobactrum sp.LC-1固定。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果表明,ZnONPs均匀地分布在PVA内部孔隙表面,强化了对细菌及喹啉的吸附效果,且载体内部有大量孔隙支持细菌生长。喹啉生物降解结果表明,固定化细胞喹啉氧化还原酶(Qor)活性是游离细胞的1.7倍,喹啉降解能力大大增强。固定化细胞经驯化后,在喹啉起始质量浓度500 mg/L的条件下,10 h后,固定化细胞喹啉降解率为99.8%,远高于游离细胞的43.2%。当喹啉质量浓度为600~800 mg/L时,固定化细胞对喹啉的降解率可稳定在95%以上,固定化细胞重复利用30次后,喹啉降解率仍维持在94.9%以上,表现出良好的机械耐受强度,可应用于实际生产。     

不同pH值条件下悬浮载体SBR反应器处理污染河水的试验

研究了不同pH值条件下悬浮载体SBR反应器处理污染河水的脱氮性能和微生物活性。结果表明,初始pH为7.0时,悬浮载体SBR反应器处理污染河水的脱氮性能最好,NH4^＋-N和TN去除率分别为100%和36.6%。在初始pH 7.0时,悬浮相和附着相污泥亚硝化活性均达到最高,分别为6.81 mgNH4＋/（gMLVSS.h）和5.42 mgNH4^＋/（gMLVSS.h） 悬浮相污泥在pH 9.0时硝化性能最好,达到2.31 mgNO2^-/（gMLVSS.h）,而附着相污泥在pH 8.0时硝化性能达到最佳状态,为1.03 mgNO2^-/（gMLVSS.h） 在pH 8.0时,悬浮相和附着相污泥反硝化活性最强,分别到达13.98mg NO3^-/（gMLVSS.h）和12.72 mgNO3^-/（gMLVSS.h）。     

生物炭载体的表面特征和挂膜性能研究

以花生壳为原料,于300~700℃下热解制备生物炭以作为生物膜载体,对其进行了理化性质表征和挂膜试验.结果表明:较高的热解温度(700℃)能促进生物炭载体孔隙结构发展,生物炭表面ζ电位上升,亲水性增加,从而有利于污水微生物的附着和生长. 挂膜期间,生物炭载体单位挂膜量分别高出陶粒44%~84%,高温(700℃)生物炭载体生物膜对NH4+-N的去除率高出陶粒1%~3%,而中低温(300、500℃)生物炭载体生物膜对NH4+-N的去除率较陶粒低5%~10%,显示生物炭表面理化性质可能对附着的生物膜微生物种类和活性产生影响.     

聚乙烯废塑料流化床裂解炉的设计

利用热裂解法可将废塑料制成液体燃料和化学品,其对保护环境及社会的可持续发展有重要意义。对废塑料的裂解油化现状及热裂解反应做了初步的研究,并确定了一种适合的工艺流程;通过设计计算确定了聚乙烯废塑料流化床裂解炉中影响裂解的主要性能参数,对裂解炉的结构设计过程做了较详细的阐述,为流化床反应器的设计提供参考。     

用正交设计法研究阻燃LDPE薄膜配方

以低密度聚乙烯LDPE、氢氧化镁和微胶囊化红磷为原材料,利用正交设计法研究了新型阻燃薄膜配方,制备了阻燃型低密度聚乙烯薄膜,并对其氧指数进行测试.结果表明,新型配方中的氢氧化镁和微胶囊化红磷具有协同阻燃效果,并能在一定程度上解决燃烧时的熔滴现象;当氢氧化镁添加量小于29%时,两种阻燃剂对体系阻燃性的影响差别不明显;与纯LDPE薄膜相比,阻燃LDPE薄膜由于添加了上述两种阻燃成分,体系氧指数提高4%,改善了阻燃效果.     

硝化菌载体低温处理生活污水中试

为了考察硝化菌包埋载体低温条件下处理城镇生活污水的技术可行性和可靠性并获得工程应用的参数,以A/O工艺中试系统为试验平台,重点研究了硝化菌包埋载体A/O生化系统低温条件下的启动条件和处理效果。结果表明:在低温条件下(13~15℃),接种普通好氧活性污泥,以已活化的硝化菌载体为核心的处理系统活化启动时间约10 d,不超过15 d;包埋硝化菌载体系统在适宜污泥浓度条件(3 000~3 500 mg/L)、投加率12%的情况下处理城镇生活污水,稳定运行阶段和负荷提高阶段(提高至设计负荷1.44倍)可使出水氨氮平均达1mg/L左右,去除率达99%以上,处理效果远远超出同条件下A/O系统。     

THE STATE OF LOUISIANA SUPERPORT AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN – OIL AND OYSTERS1

ABSTRACT: The State of Louisiana created in 1972 the Deep Draft Harbor and Terminal Authority (commonly called Superport Authority) to plan, promote, and develop a deepwater (crude oil) terminal off the coast of Louisiana, and empowered it to establish an Authority development program to promote the economic and social welfare of its citizens. Simultaneously, the Authority was also charged with developing an environmental protection plan to preserve the environmental values of Louisiana's unique coastal marshland while permitting beneficial industrial and economic development. Consequently, in January 1974, an Environmental Protection Plan was promulgated, consisting of a series of regulations, design standards, and operating procedures aimed specifically at protecting the fragile estuarine environment of coastal Louisiana during the construction and ultimate operation of the superport. The paper describes the development of the Superport Authority's Environmental Protection Plan and the current status of the superport project.     

Bacterial degradation of a new polyester,polyethylene glycol-phthalate polyester

Microorganisms which can assimilate a new polyester synthesized from polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a dihydroxyl compound and phthalic acid as a dicarboxyl compound were isolated from soils by enrichment culture techniques. Two cultures, K and N, were obtained: Culture K grew on PEG 4000 polyester and culture N assimilated PEG 6000 polyester. Each culture included two bacteria indispensable for the degradation of polyesters: bacteria K1 and K2 for PEG 4000 polyester-utilizing culture K and bacteria N1 and N2 for PEG 6000 polyester-utilizing culture N. Bacteria K2 and N2 were responsible for the hydrolysis of ester bonds in a polyester and both were identified as the same species,Comamonas acidovorans. Bacteria K1 and N6 could assimilate PEG as a sole carbon and energy source. Both are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods and resembled each other on their colony characteristics, although strain K1 could not grow on PEG 6000.C. acidovorans N2 (K2) grew on dialkyl phthalates (C₂–C₄) and phthalate and tributyrin, but not on PEG, diphthalic PEG, and PEG phthalate polyesters. Their culture supernatant and washed cells hydrolyzed PEG (400–20,000) phthalate and sebacate polyesters.C. acidovorans had higher esterase activity toward PEG phthalate, isophthalate, and terephthalate polyesters than known esterase and lipases. The esterase seemed to be an extracellular one and attached to the cell surface.