环境样品前处理技术及其进展（一）

本文讨论了环境分析化学中样品制备及前处理技术的现状及其进展。有关环境样品的特点、前处理的目的及其作用、选择前处理技术的依据等也做了阐述。重点评述了近年来在环境分析化学领域中发展最快、用得比较普遍的几种新方法，即超临界流体萃取、固定萃取、微波溶出和液膜萃取等。（一）介绍样品前处理的原则和有关的基础，以及超临界流体萃取法；（二）其它方法及今后的发展动向（将刊登在《环境化学》１９９４年第二期）。     

聚硅氯化铁混凝剂的制备及其对微污染源水混凝性能的研究

以硅酸钠、三氯化铁两种常用的无机原料合成聚硅氯化铁混凝剂（PFSC）,试验其对微污染水的处理效果,并对其混凝机理作了初步的探讨。试验结果表明：r（Fe）/r（SiO2）摩尔比、pH值及投加量都会影响PFSC的混凝效果,其中以r（Fe）/r（SiO2）最为明显,当两者摩尔比为1.2时,所制备的PFSC混凝效果最佳,处理效率高于常规混凝剂。     

氨荒酸膦酸树脂滤器的制备及其在AAS分析中的应用研究

介绍了氨荒酸膦酸树脂过滤器的制备方法,以及应用该过滤器分离与富集地面水(海水)中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等元素的适用条件。实际样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等重金属离子经过过滤器过滤,被吸附在树脂滤层中,用少量酸洗脱,以AAS测试,结果稳定、准确度高。此过滤器在痕量分析中具有很高的应用价值。     

用铁泥制备高效无机絮凝剂聚硅酸铁及其絮凝性能研究

研究了以铁泥、硅酸钠为原料,制备高效絮凝剂聚硅酸铁(PSF)的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件.并对絮凝剂PSF处理工业废水的絮凝性能进行了研究,探讨了PSF处理工业废水的反应机理.结果表明,PSF具有良好的絮凝性能,是一种比聚合硫酸铁(PFS)性能更优良的絮凝剂.     

Double catholyte electrochemical approach for preparing ferratealuminum：a compound oxidant—coagulant for water purification

Ferrate is an excellent water treatment agent for its multi-functions in oxidation,disinfection,coagulation and adsorption,but its coagulation ability depends on its dosage and is after its oxidation.This paper focuses on preparing a new kind of ferrate combined with alum to enhance its coagulation function for water purification.An effective electrolysis reactor was designed and employed in the test.Some key parameters in the process of electrolysis concerning the prepar\ation efficiency,such as the current density,temperature and alkalinity were also investigated.The proper conditions for ferrate-alum preparation were determined.Under the condition of 5V given voltage,6h electrolyzing interval,below 2% alum concentration (in weight),a combined liquid ferrate-alum products was successfully prepared,which contained 0.0294 mol/L FeO4^2- and 0.0302 mol/L total soluble ferron with 2% Al2O3.There was no insoluble ferron produced by controlling an optimum electrochemical condition.     

制备方法条件对Au/CeO_2催化CO低温氧化性能研究

用共沉淀法和沉积沉淀法制备了负载型Au/CeO2催化剂,考察了不同制备方法和条件对Au/CeO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,制备方法和条件对Au/CeO2催化剂的活性有较大的影响,其中以Na2CO3为沉淀剂的共沉淀法制备的Au/CeO2催化剂活性最佳。最佳制备条件:343K洗涤、473K焙烧、空气预处理。金和部分氧化态的金是活性中心,而且氧化态的金催化活性更好。活性位在金与氧化物载体界面,金粒径越小,金与氧化物载体的接触面越大,活性位越多,催化活性越大。     

Rapid karyotyping in ectopic pregnancies

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of karyotyping ectopic Fallopian tube pregnancies utilizing dividing cytotrophoblast cells. Villi from 78 ectopic conceptuses were processed by the direct chromosome technique and cytogenetic diagnosis was successful in 60 cases (76-9 per cent). The amount of villi obtained, as well as villus morphology, was correlated with cytogenetic success rate. Histological examination of the Fallopian tube was also carried out. A total of 47 cases were chromosomally abnormal (78-3 per cent), which is the highest frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities reported to date.     

新生态MnO_2的制备及处理造纸废水的实验研究

实验制备并表征了XS - 1、XS - 2、XS - 3和XS - 4四种新生态MnO2 ,比较了它们对造纸废水的CODCr去除率和脱色率。结果表明 ,XS - 1和XS - 2样品的处理效果较好。选择XS - 1作为处理剂 ,研究了 pH值、投加量、温度等因素对处理效果的影响 ,并探讨了作用机理。当 pH值小于 1 .5、投加量为 50mg/ 1 0 0mL时 ,1 5℃下振荡 1h后 ,对CODCr为 3680mg/L、色度为 650倍的造纸废水的CODCr去除率达 60 % ,脱色率可达 91 %。     

壳聚糖作为絮凝剂的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种新型的天然高分子絮凝剂,在水处理中展现广泛的应用前景。综述了壳聚糖制备,在水处理中的应用及其絮凝机理等。研究表明,壳聚糖良好的絮凝性能,使其在废水处理和资源回收等方面的效果均优于无机及有机合成的絮凝剂,是一种环境友好的高效絮凝剂。     

泡沫塑料黄原酸酯的制备及其对含铜废水的处理研究

采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备得到了黄原酸酯。将其用于含铜废水的处理。实验结果表明泡沫黄原酸酯的用量、处理体系的pH、搅拌时间和沉降时间是影响铜离子去除效果的重要因素。经过聚氨酯泡沫黄原酸酯处理的含铜废水能够达到排放标准的要求。