宁夏盐池县社会经济与环境协调发展的策略分析

本文通过分析宁夏盐池县的自然条件、自然资源以及社会经济发展与环境的关系,应用权图影响结构模型对该县社会经济与环境系统进行了定量的分析与研究。建立了7个模型,并通过预测、比较实施不同发展策略后各模型的系统状态,找出了使系统优化运行的灵敏调控点,分析了各分项调整策略之间相互制约、相互促进的关系,提出了使该县社会经济与环境协调发展的策略。     

对中国城市环境地质工作的思考

本文回顾了国内外城市地质工作的发展历程，阐述了中国城市地质工人的发展方向和重点工作领域。指出城市地质工作必须服务于城市（城市群，经济开发区）的规划，建设和管理，为城市社会经济可持续发展，减灾防灾提供具有针对性，实用性和超前性的基础地质资料和成果。由于中国城市的规模，性质，自然资源承载力，地质环境特征不同，城市环境地质调查，评价的对象，内容也将有所差异。归纳起来，城市地质的重点工作领域为：城市可持续发展，城市可持续发展的资源开发战略与对策，城市地质环境容量及脆弱性分析。城市地质灾害：城市地质灾害风险，影响面，易损性及对灾害的反应，城市环境变化的地质指标体系，城市环境地质综合研究：城市环境地质调查评价的新理论，新方法，新技术，城市环境地质图纱的编制。数字城市环境地质：GIS平台上的地质空间数据库，城市地质环境动态分析，评价，决策系统和地质灾害预警预报系统。     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

氧化铝生产环境负荷指标及评价模型研究

针对氧化铝生产过程中的环境问题,建立了氧化铝生产环境负荷的资源消耗指标、能源消耗指标和环境排放指标。并就多产品环境负荷的分摊原则进行了说明。提出了定量计算氧化铝整个生产过程环境负荷的数学模型。用该模型不仅能计算出最终产品氧化铝的环境负荷,而且也可计算出各中间工序产品的环境负荷,这为改善氧化铝的环境负荷提供了依据。     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton＇s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran （One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2）, a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton＇s oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton＇s oxidation were acquired as： Fe^2＋ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton＇s treatment.     

天然气压缩机站的安全生产管理

天然气压缩机组目前在油田的注气采油，增压外输等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。在压缩机站的生产管理中，安全管理非常重要，建立健全安全规范将对压缩机站的安全运行提供保证。本文主要从油水管理，操作规程，容器管网，安全教育等方面进行阐述。     

云南省中小企业推广清洁生产初探

对云南清洁生产的发展概况和存在问题进行了分析,提出了从政府导向监管、企业利益和中介服务等3个方面来推广中小企业清洁生产的设想.     

数据包络分析(DEA)模型在清洁生产评价中的应用

清洁生产技术方案评价对于指导企业实施清洁生产有重要意义。将污染物产生量数据作为一种输入引入数据包络分析(DEA)模型，利用该模型对清洁生产技术方案中的投入、产出和污染物发生量进行有效性评价。分析不同方案相对效率值、目标改进值，发现最有效的清洁生产技术方案，达到经济效益和环境效益的统一。本研究为企业筛选和决策可实施清洁生产技术方案提供技术理论支持。     

清洁生产:由生产领域扩展至消费领域——结合《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》相关规定评析之

本文通过分析清洁生产和消费的含义,指出清洁生产的调整范围包括消费环节.我国《清洁生产促进法》的内容体现了清洁生产从生产领域扩展到消费领域这一新动向.本文论证了这一新发展的正当性和合理性,最后结合具体法条进行分析,指出相关制度手段和意义所在.     

Societal Concerns about Pork and Pork Production and Their Relationships to the Production System

Pork producers in Western Europe moreand more encounter a variety of societalconcerns about pork and pork production. Sofar, however, producers predominantly focusedon low consumer prices, therewith addressingjust one concern. This resulted in an intensiveand large-scale production system, decreasinglyrelated to the area of farm land, andaccompanied with increasing concerns aboutsafety and healthiness of pork, animal welfare,environmental pollution, and others.An overview was given of possible concernsabout West-European pork production with theconsumers, citizens, and producers, and thoseconcerns are traced back to the pork productionsystem. The various kinds and qualities ofinformation about the pork production system onwhich possible concerns are based have beenworked out extensively in this paper. Knowledgeabout the aspects of pork production that cangive rise to concerns can be used in two ways.First, the communication about those aspectstowards consumers and citizens can be adjustedor extended to give them better possibilitiesto make food choices or to develop their ownopinions about pork production. Second,producers could change the pork productionsystem such that it better satisfies consumersand citizens. Such adaptations are wellpossible, as three pork quality schemes, whichhave been evaluated, illustrate. However, mostof these adaptations can only be carried out atthe cost of the present low consumer prices andwill not occur spontaneously on a large scale.Therefore, accounting for the type andrelevance of the concerns, legislation isnecessary to address societal concerns in abalanced way such that pork production systemsbecome acceptable for the majority of oursociety.