层状非均质各向异性含水层中抽水井对污染物迁移影响数值模拟研究

为研究层状非均质含水层中渗流与污染物迁移问题,本文以大理冲洪积扇盆地典型层状非均质各向异性含水层为例,建立垂向剖面二维层状非均质各向异性含水层水文地质数值模型,利用MT3DMS溶质迁移模拟程序模拟分析抽水井抽水率、深度、位置不同条件下污染物迁移特征。结果表明,抽水率大小对污染物运移速率影响较大,深层抽水井对污染物运移影响较明显,透镜体的存在使污染物出现拖尾现象,弱透水层厚度使污染物运移时间延迟,且降低污染物浓度。     

地面抽采煤层气环境影响和管理对策探讨

随着我国一系列鼓励煤层气开发政策、规划的实施,区域煤层气规模化和商业化开发将逐步展开.煤层气开发环境问题与常规天然气相比有其特殊性,主要表现为井网密度大、疏水降压排采和加压集输引发的特殊环境问题.井网密度大则对地表生态环境的影响大;煤层排水是煤层气开发区别于常规油气资源开发最主要的环境问题;加压集输和井网密度大增加动力设备,影响声环境质量和生态环境质量等.针对煤层气开发环境问题的特殊性,提出煤层气开发应以水平井为主减少地表扰动.不同水文地质条件煤层排水水质不同,我国为缺水国家,煤层排水如果为淡水,应考虑综合利用;如果为高矿化度水应考虑适当处理回注地下.     

泄洪道抽油机高架结构风险因素识别及对策

通过对江苏油田试采二厂泄洪道典型抽油机高架进行结构风险因素识别,分析评估了抽油机高架结构的可靠性,并提出重大风险控制与管理措施,以确保泄洪道抽油机高架采油作业安全。     

调整抽油机参数液压工具的研制及应用

针对抽油机调整作业中劳动强度大、易造成人身伤害的问题,研制了调整抽油机参数液压工具,介绍了调整抽油机参数液压工具的构造、操作方法.经现场试用,效果良好.     

Tm：YAP激光晶体的生长及激光性能的研究

采用提拉法生长了高质量的4%（原子分数）Tm∶YAP晶体。X射线粉末衍射分析确定生长的晶体为Tm∶YAP晶体。吸收光谱分析表明Tm∶YAP晶体在688和794nm有较强的吸收峰。采用793nm激光二极管泵浦Tm∶YAP晶体,实现了2.01μm激光输出,最大输出功率5.1W,光转换效率为37%,斜率效率高达43.5%,连续可调范围从1894～2066nm,在2010nm得到最大的输出功率值为1.84W。     

天津市中心城区污水泵站恶臭排放特征研究

为了研究天津市中心城区污水泵站恶臭排放特征,分别在夏、秋、冬3季对4座泵站的进水格栅和出水口进行采样,采用3点比较式臭袋法分析臭气浓度,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术分析恶臭物质组成和含量。结果表明,污水泵站6个点位共检出包括烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、含氧烃、有机硫以及无机气体在内的7类50多种物质,其中无机气体和含氧烃是主要成分。污水泵站广泛存在的污染物质共8种：苯、甲苯、乙苯、甲醛、乙醛、甲硫醇、氨和硫化氢,其中硫化氢、甲硫醇和甲醛的浓度较高。污水泵站各季节的恶臭污染都较严重,实测臭气浓度基本上都超过2000,H2S、甲硫醇和乙醛对恶臭污染贡献比较大,其中H 2S是最主要的致臭物质。     

风筒位置对掘进巷道流场影响的PIV实验*

为探究风筒位置对掘进巷道风流分布规律的影响,利用Fluent软件确定出实验模型内流体进入“第二自模区”的临界风速,保证实验模型与实际巷道的流动相似,采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对压、抽风筒距迎头不同距离下的前压后抽式通风流场进行测量。实验结果表明:抽风筒距巷道迎头距离的改变对迎头处流场影响较小,涡流中心位置也不会发生改变,当抽风筒距迎头距离大于4.5S,回流区的风流充分发展,流动较为平缓。压风筒距巷道迎头距离的改变对迎头处流场和涡流影响较大,当压风筒距迎头距离大于3S,涡流中心位置向远离迎头的方向移动,涡流区域逐渐扩大。基于相似理论的PIV实验结果可为矿井掘进巷道通风工作提供一定参考。     

抽油机液压刹车制动装置的研究与应用

抽油机刹车系统是作业及维护、保养、检修工作时,确保员工人身安全的重要安全制动装置。目前,刹车系统存在较大安全隐患。文章研究了抽油机刹车安全制动系统的分类及工作原理,分析了存在的安全隐患,提出了采用抽油机液压刹车制动保险销装置。该技术解决了抽油机传统刹车装置存在的问题,并获得了国家专利。应用效果表明:新设计提高了刹车系统安全制动性能。     

A wind-solar PV hybrid power system with battery backup for water pumping in remote localities

After energy, water is the most critical commodity to be made available to people to keep them alive. Saudi Arabia has vast land and people are living in all regions. Most of these are connected to national grid but some are not, especially in remote areas like in the north, south, and west south. Pumping water in remote areas for domestic needs like agriculture and animals beside human needs is essential and require regular power supply. The present idea of wind-PV-Battery hybrid power system based on 100% renewable source is being proposed to utilize and tested in some of the regions on experimental bases. Of the five locations chosen for the purpose, namely Dhahran, Riyadh, Jeddah, Guriat and Nejran, some are good from both wind and solar intensity point of view some have good winds only and some good solar only. Nearly optimal size of PV-Wind water pumping system is determined for each of these sites considering the availability of solar and wind energy distributions throughout the year in these sites. It is shown that the monthly total water pumping capacity when using nearly optimal PV-Wind water pumping system is fairly uniform throughout the year except for the sites of Guriat and Riyadh. In these sites higher water pumping capacity is observed during the spring and summer months. On the other hand the cost of underground water pumping is found to vary between 6 to 12 US¢/m³ for the five sites considered.     

Drought Resilience of the California Central Valley Surface‐Ground‐Water‐Conveyance System1

Abstract: A series of drought simulations were performed for the California Central Valley using computer applications developed by the California Department of Water Resources and historical datasets representing a range of droughts from mild to severe for time periods lasting up to 60 years. Land use, agricultural cropping patterns, and water demand were held fixed at the 2003 level and water supply was decreased by amounts ranging between 25 and 50%, representing light to severe drought types. Impacts were examined for four hydrologic subbasins, the Sacramento Basin, the San Joaquin Basin, the Tulare Basin, and the Eastside Drainage. Results suggest the greatest impacts are in the San Joaquin and Tulare Basins, regions that are heavily irrigated and are presently overdrafted in most years. Regional surface water diversions decrease by as much as 70%. Stream‐to‐aquifer flows and aquifer storage declines were proportional to drought severity. Most significant was the decline in ground water head for the severe drought cases, where results suggest that under these scenarios the water table is unlikely to recover within the 30‐year model‐simulated future. However, the overall response to such droughts is not as severe as anticipated and the Sacramento Basin may act as ground‐water insurance to sustain California during extended dry periods.