Vertical and horizontal distribution,source identification,ecological and toxic risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Lake Aygır,Kars, Turkey

Surface and core sediment samples were collected from Lake Ayg?r, Turkey, to determine heavy metal distribution, probable sources and potential ecological and toxic risks for the lake. Heavy metals, total sulfur, total phosphate, total organic carbon, chlorophyll degradation products, and CaCO₃ content were established. The enrichment factor, PLI, potential ecological risk index, and toxic risk index were calculated. Zn was determined to have the highest accumulation in surface sediment, followed by Cr, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Cd was the only element that exceeded the critical value of 40 and posed a moderate potential ecological risk. According to TRI, no ecotoxic risk was found. It is thought that local fossil fuel consumption is responsible for the accumulation of heavy metals since there is a lack of urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities around the lake.     

Comparison of the Vegetation and Seed Bank on Hedge Banks of Different Ages in Brittany,France

The composition of the herbaceous cover and the seed bank of old and recent hedge banks in Brittany were studied and compared. Concentration method was used for seed bank samples. Grimerc="/content/qp795r7ju9dme7g2/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">s plant strategies were used to explain observed patterns. The analysis of the seed bank of these hedge banks showed that the species richness and diversity differed in relation to the date of construction of the hedge banks. The seed banks of recent hedge banks were richer and more diversified than those of old hedge banks. Differences in the floristic composition of the established plant cover between the recent and old hedge banks were determined by multivariate analyses. The species exclusively found in the seed bank and in the herb cover of recent hedge banks were mainly grassland species, whereas the species that only occurred on old hedge banks tended to be woodland species. The floristic composition of the two compartments (established vegetation and seed bank) was very different. A multivariate analysis revealed that the difference between the composition of the seed banks of recent and old hedge banks was less than that between the composition of the established vegetation and seed bank of hedge banks of the same age. Both seed bank and vegetation of recent hedge banks were dominated by ruderal species, whereas old hedge vegetation was dominated by stress-tolerant woodland species, indicating that mechanically constructed hedge banks may impose limitations on colonization by late woodland species.     

Heavy metal concentration in the moss Pleurozium schreberi in the Niepołomice Forest,Poland: changes during 20 years

The Nieporc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">omice Forest is a large forestcomplex (110 km²) situated in southern Poland 10 to 30 kmto the east of the urban industrial Kraków agglomeration andsteelworks, which was built up on the outskirts of the city in1950. Due to prevailing westerly winds, the forest is affectedby pollutants emitted by both the steelworks and the city. Thelevel of heavy metal contamination in the Nieporc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">omice Forestwas described using a sensitive bioindicator – the moss Pleurozium schreberi. Mean concentrations of metals in mosscollected in the Nieporc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">omice Forest were Cd – 0.71, Cr – 2.4,Cu – 8.6, Fe – 673, Pb – 12.7, and Zn – 61 mg/kg.Concentrations of heavy metals in moss in the Nieporc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">omiceForest decreased in time. As compared with the relatively cleanarea in north-eastern Poland (Puszcza Biarc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">owieska), the concentration of Fe was 2–9 fold and Pb 4–6 fold higher in theNieporc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">omice Forest in 1975, while in 1998 4 fold and 2 fold,respectively. In both 1975 and 1998 the most polluted by heavymetals was the western part of the Nieporc="/content/t8657t16378r1273/xxlarge322.gif" alt="lstrok" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">omice Forest (closestto the pollution sources) and the area along the roads insidethe forest complex.     

用Excel制作环境监测声像报告

阐述了运用办公自动化应用软件电子表格Ｅｘｃｅｌ制作及播放新型声像片的方法，并以环境监测工作中的实例介绍了具体的制作过程。     

化学改性对BA-3活菌体去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响作用

通过对BA-3活菌体进行多种化学改性,比较了经化学改性后的BA-3菌体对C(rⅥ)的去除效率。结果表明,所试化学改性均会导致BA-3活菌体一定程度的质量减少;无机酸改性及有机溶剂改性均可较大程度提高菌体的C(rⅥ)去除效率,而无机酸改性、有机溶剂改性及盐改性则对菌体吸附Cr的效率有不同程度的提高作用。菌体表面上的[H+]及[OH-]的分布对于其吸附Cr及还原C(rⅥ)均有重要的影响作用,当溶液中的[H+]浓度增加时,会加快菌体还原Cr(Ⅵ)的速率,并促进菌体对Cr的吸附作用;当溶液中[OH-]增加时,C(rⅥ)的去除速率会相应降低,而菌体对Cr的吸附效果也有所降低。以盐改性时可提高菌体表面可交换阳离子的活性,并促进菌体表面与C(rⅢ)的离子交换,从而在Cr的吸附后期有利于菌体吸附溶液中的C(rⅢ)。此外,菌体的菌丝球结构及其比表面积也会影响其吸附Cr及还原C(rⅥ)的效率。有机溶剂改性可改善菌体的有效表面积,对菌体去除C(rⅥ)及吸附Cr都是有利的。     

浅析红外分光测油法对线性关系影响的因素

文章采用红外分光测油仪(JDS-106A型)对油标液进行测量,通过实验方法考察了红外分光测油法标准曲线线性的影响因素,对标准系列的配制方式、标准浓度的高低、比色皿的选用、仪器的状态不同等方面分别进行探讨,结果表明在合适的标液配制和一定的仪器状态下,可以得到较好的线性关系。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的研究

为探究厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)对糖蜜酒精实际废水的处理效果,该实验采用已成功处理人工模拟糖蜜酒精废水的ABR,研究了该反应器处理糖蜜酒精工业废水过程中COD和SO42-的去除效果,以及各隔室VFA、pH和S2-的分布规律。实验结果表明,反应器处理糖蜜酒精工业废水,在30 d内达到稳定,COD和SO42-负荷分别为4.8 kg/(m3.d)和0.32 kg/(m3.d),COD和SO42-的去除率分别为83%和98%。反应器内各隔室挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度变化规律与pH值变化规律一致,各隔室硫化物(S2-)浓度较低,其中第4、5隔室的S2-浓度低于40 mg/L。反应器内微生物菌群仍能保持处理模拟废水时形成的多相(产酸硫酸盐还原相和生成硫单质产甲烷相)分离特征,保证了ABR对实际工业废水的处理效率。     

毛霉对油脂废水的降解及γ-亚麻酸的合成研究

利用微生物综合处理油脂废水是一种较好的方法。一方面有些毛霉能以油脂作为碳源，另一方面有些毛霉又能合成多种不饱和脂肪酸。而含有γ-亚麻酸的类脂，在医学和保健领域中有着广泛的应用。该文以油脂废水为碳源，研究毛霉的生长和γ－亚麻酸的合成。研究表明，所筛选的菌株能有效降解废水中的油脂，并能合成含有γ－亚麻酸的类脂。该菌株对油脂的降解率和菌体内γ-亚麻酸的合成取决于油脂废水的浓度。添加微量元素后能增加菌体生物量和γ－亚麻酸的生成量，同时可提高对废水中油脂的降解率。     

CODcr快速测定法的探索

在CODCr测定标准方法的基础上，将反应介质改为1：1硫酸和磷酸混合液，取肖回流冷凝装置，加热过程完全敞开，同时减少取样量，可以在数分钟内使常见的绝大部分有机物被氧化90%以上，测定一个样品的时间由原来的标准方法2.5个小时，减少到只需15-20分钟，不仅节水、节电、省去回流装置，还使设备、试剂和操作大大简化，又能尽快取得结果。本法与标准方法对照，测定结果和氧化率基本相同，准确度与精密度也基本一致。在对安宁市的几家造纸厂的废水及生活污水的检测中，证明对于CODCr的控制分析，快速法亦可以得到满意的结果。     

Detached Leaf Culture

Abstract

To study the viability of detached leaf culture technique, studies were carried out with detached leaves from cotton apex (true trilobed leaves). The prepared leaves were sprayed with 2,4-D amine and ester, at rates of 10, 30, 70, and 100% of the recommended doses. Detached leaves without herbicide spray were used as controls. Simultaneously, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with the same treatments as used for the detached leaves experiment. Toxicity was measured through a 0-to-5 grading according to the percentage of affected leaf area in the detached leaves experiment or examining the affected rate of whole plant as indicated in the greenhouse. Results showed that the ester form of the herbicide induced earlier and more severe toxicity symptoms in detached leaves and greenhouse grown plants. Positive and significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between toxicity results obtained at 7 and 14 days after application in detached leaves and greenhouse plants (r = 0.97 and 0.92, respectively). Negative, significant correlations (p < 0.005) were found between the toxicity levels found at 7 and 14 days after application in detached leaves and dry matter of cotton plants grown in the greenhouse (r = ?0.92 and ?0.92, respectively).