Distinct effects of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards on radical and incremental creativity: The moderating role of goal orientations

Previous studies have investigated the role of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards in enhancing employee creativity. However, the possibility that these motivational factors affect the creativity of different types remains largely unexplored, particularly in the organizational settings. Moreover, the potential that personality traits may moderate the function of these motivational factors toward creativity is another underresearched area. By drawing on the person–situation interaction perspective, we propose that both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards predict creativity but of different types. Thus, we diverge from the view that creativity is a uniform criterion domain by adopting the distinction between radical and incremental creativity. Our empirical analysis of 220 independent employee–supervisor dyads confirmed that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards predict radical and incremental creativity, respectively. Moreover, the effects of intrinsic motivation on radical and incremental creativity are more positive for employees with higher learning goal orientation. By contrast, the effect of extrinsic rewards on incremental creativity is more positive for employees with higher performance goal orientation. This study offers elaborate and nuanced perspectives and insights into the role of different motivational processes in the development of different types of creativity.     

直流电晕自由基簇射处理 PCB 热解废气的动力学模拟简

对直流电晕自由基簇射处理PCB热解废气进行详细的模拟研究。在推导计算直流电晕簇射一次自由基产率和构建完整化学动力学机理体系的基础上，采用Chemkin软件栓塞流反应模型对不同条件下的热解废气降解过程进行详细的动力学模拟，并获得重要的数据参考。结果表明，输入气体温度为298~323 K和电极气湿度接近 0.06 mg/mL是相对较好的降解条件。在此条件下，处理FR4型PCB热解气（降解率达85%以上）所需消耗的能量仅为1.044 （kW·h）/kg。     

亚硫酸氢盐强化微量Fe2+活化过二硫酸盐降解扑热息痛

Fe²⁺可激活过二硫酸盐（PDS）快速产生硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·），但Fe²⁺会快速转化为低活性的Fe³⁺，且Fe²⁺的投加量普遍较大，限制了该体系的广泛应用.采用亚硫酸氢盐（BS）强化微量Fe²⁺-PDS体系降解水中的扑热息痛（APAP）.结果表明，投加BS可促进Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺的循环，明显改善Fe²⁺-PDS体系对APAP的降解效果，在最优条件下（PDS=0.6 mmol·L^-1；BS=0.4 mmol·L^-1；Fe²⁺=10 μmol·L^-1；pH=4）下，APAP （4 μmol·L^-1）可在180 s内被完全降解.同时，APAP的降解速率随BS （0~0.6 mmol·L^-1）和PDS （0.2~1.5 mmol·L^-1）浓度的增大而升高，适量提高Fe²⁺浓度可促进APAP的降解，但增加BS的投加次数对降解速率影响不大.HCO₃^-与HPO₄^2-明显抑制了体系降解APAP的效率，Cl^-和NO₃^-有轻微抑制作用，腐殖酸（HA）则影响不大.通过淬灭实验和电子顺磁共振波谱检测，证实了体系中SO₄^-·、·OH和单线态氧的产生，其中SO₄^-·是降解APAP的主要活性物种.利用三维荧光光谱技术对APAP降解过程进行了表征，表明APAP降解产物具有荧光特性.此外，还鉴定出5种中间产物，并提出了3种可能的降解途径.体系在实际水体中的效能低于超纯水中的表现，但延长反应时间可明显增强降解效果，表明BS-Fe²⁺-PDS体系是一种有前景的有机污染物降解方法.     

蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解染料

采用蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解废水中的染料。分析了蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解的机理,考察了曝气、光照强度和初始染料质量浓度等因素对降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：曝气有利于蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系光引发自由基降解染料；在光照强度1 000 W、初始染料质量浓度50 mg/L的条件下,反应60 min后酸性蓝80溶液的脱色率可达100%；在酸性红249、酸性黄42、酸性蓝80、活性艳红KD-8B、活性黄K-6G和活性翠蓝K-NG 6种商用酸性和活性染料中,蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机体系对活性黄K-6G和活性艳红KD-8B的脱色率最高,对酸性蓝80和活性翠蓝K-NG的脱色率最低。     

Catalytic activities of zeolite compounds for decomposing aqueous ozone

The advanced oxidation process (AOP), chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone in the presence of appropriate catalysts to generate highly reactive oxygen species, offers an attractive option for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants. Using the commercial zeolite powders with various Si/Al ratios and crystal structures, their catalytic activities for decomposing aqueous ozone were evaluated by continuously flowing ozone to water containing the zeolite powders. The hydrophilic zeolites (low Si/Al ratio) with alkali cations in the crystal structures were found to possess high catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. The hydrophobic zeolite compounds (high Si/Al ratio) were found to absorb ozone very well, but to have no catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. Their catalytic activities were also evaluated by using the fixed bed column method. When alkali cations were removed by acid rinsing or substituted by alkali-earth cations, the catalytic activities was significantly deteriorated. These results suggest that the metal cations on the crystal surface of the hydrophilic zeolite would play a key role for catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone.     

UV-vis光照下唑类抗菌药氟康唑的光化学反应类型

以唑类抗菌药氟康唑为模型化合物,考察了其在纯水中的光降解动力学和光化学反应类型,发现模拟日光(λ>290nm)照射下氟康唑未发生光解,在UV-vis(λ>200 nm)光照下,氟康唑发生了光降解并服从准一级反应动力学.采用活性氧物种猝灭实验和竞争动力学方法,研究发现氟康唑发生了直接光解和·OH参与的自敏化光解,氟康唑与.OH的反应速率常数为(5.95±0.58)×109L·(mol·s)-1,表层水体中相应的半减期为(32.41±3.16)h·通过鉴定光解产物,得知氟康唑发生了脱氟、光致水解、光氧化等光化学反应.     

西安地区PM2.5中环境持久性自由基(EPFRs)性质及来源研究

环境持久性自由基(environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs)是一种近年来备受关注的环境风险物质,可能会危害人体健康.本研究利用溶剂萃取方法从西安市大气PM_(2.5)样品中分离出物质,运用电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)技术分析了不同大气污染状况下大气PM_(2.5)样品及类黑碳成分中EPFRs的种类和含量,并分别测定PM_(2.5)和类黑碳成分催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的能力.结果表明:PM_(2.5)中的EPFRs约有85%～90%是由类黑碳成分产生的.可见光照(400～700 nm)前后,PM_(2.5)样品中EPFRs的含量增加10%～20%.此外,实验结果亦表明PM_(2.5)中能催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的物质主要是PM_(2.5)中水溶性物质而不是类黑碳.大气PM_(2.5)中的EPFRs没有显著催化H_2O_2产生羟基自由基的能力,也不能将O_2分子转化为活性氧物质.     

Effect of crystalline structure on terbuthylazine degradation by H2O2-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis under visible irradiation

Various methods for shifting the optical response of TiO₂ into the visible (Vis) range have been reported. Herein, we reported the application of a TiO₂/H₂O₂/Vis process and the effects of TiO2 crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine. The results indicated that TiO₂ crystalline structure and H₂O₂ addition had significant effects on terbuthylazine degradation: its degradation rate could be increased from 7% to 70% with H₂O₂ addition after 180?min of reaction, the synergistic degradation of terbuthylazine by TiO₂-Fe^{3 +} was substantially accelerated, with the degradation rate reaching up to 100% after 20?min of reaction, and rutile TiO₂ showed better photocatalytic activity and a more obvious synergistic effect than anatase TiO₂. The addition of free-radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol or methanol) inhibited the degradation efficiency of rutile TiO₂, but had a relatively minor effect on anatase TiO₂. Fluorescence spectrophotometry analysis indicated that hydroxyl free radicals could be continuously produced when using rutile TiO₂ as the photocatalyst. Degradation of terbuthylazine catalyzed by rutile TiO₂ occurred mainly in solution, but occurred on the particle surface of the photocatalyst when catalyzed by anatase TiO₂. This study provides new insight into the role of TiO₂ crystalline structure on the degradation of terbuthylazine and its photocatalytic degradation mechanism.     

UV-Fenton体系处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

采用紫外(UV)耦合Fenton反应产生活性氧物种降解准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中的难降解污染物.考察了初始pH值、双氧水和二价铁(Fe~(2+))投加量对污染物去除效能的影响,并采用醇类猝灭实验和三维荧光技术解析了体系产生的主要活性氧物种及其腐殖质的降解机制.结果表明,UV-Fenton体系可协同、有效地处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中的污染物.增大双氧水和二价铁投加量可提高体系降解有机物的能力与反应速率,初始pH值为3.0时有机物降解效果最佳,中性与碱性环境均会显著抑制体系对有机物的降解.在H_2O_2投加量为0.084 mol·L~(-1),Fe~(2+)投加量为0.056 mol·L~(-1),初始pH值为3.0的条件下,渗滤液尾水COD去除率与反应速率常数最终分别为77.22%和0.04679.经UV-Fenton体系处理后,得益于体系主要的活性氧物种·OH与O■对渗滤液尾水中芳香类有机物质的有效降解,同时,可见区荧光峰值降低了51.00%,紫外区荧光峰值先增大后减小.因此,渗滤液中大分子物质大幅减少,小分子物质相对增多.     

壳聚糖负载磺化酞菁钴催化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙的研究

过渡金属催化过硫酸盐（PS）产生活性氧自由基（ROS）可有效降解有机污染物.为避免均相催化过程中过渡金属带来的二次污染,将磺化酞菁钴（CoPcS）键合固定于壳聚糖（CS）微球载体上,制备出一种结构稳定、较高催化活性的催化剂（CS-CoPcS）,并以偶氮染料甲基橙（MO）为目标污染物,考察不同反应条件对MO降解过程的影响,进而分析了催化剂的稳定性和降解机理.结果表明：CS-CoPcS催化PS可有效降解MO,当反应温度为25℃,MO初始浓度为152.75μmol/L,pH₀为5.5,PS的投加浓度为10mmol/L,CS-CoPcS投加量为1.25g/L,MO在180min的降解率可达87.21%,降解速率为1.24×10^-2min^-1,符合准一级动力学方程;电子自旋共振（EPR）和淬灭实验均证实催化过程产生以硫酸根自由基为主的有效ROS;4次循环利用实验中未能检测出溶液中潜在浸出的钴离子,CS-CoPcS表现出很好的催化活性和结构稳定性.