Starch/polyvinyl alcohol blended materials used as solid carbon source for tertiary denitrification of secondary effluent

Starch/polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blended materials for using as a solid carbon source （SCS） were prepared by blending PVA and gelatinized starch in an aqueous solution system, in which PVA served as framework material and starch as carbon source. The optimization of starch content and temperature effects were investigated. It was indicated that higher denitrification efficiency could be achieved with more starch in the materials. The average specific denitrification rates were 0.93, 0.66, 0.37 and 0.36 mg/（g·day） corresponding to starch content of 70%, 60%, 40% and 30% respectively at 37℃. The denitrification rates increased when operating temperature was raised from 23℃ to 30℃ and then 37℃. The mechanism of carbon release was analyzed incorporating the experimental results of abiotic release in deionized water. The organic carbon was mainly hydrolyzed by microbes, and the biological release efficiencies were at the range of 89.2% to 96.0%. A long-term experiment with a continuous flow reactor with SCS material containing 70% starch was conducted to gain some experience for practical application. When the influent nitrate concentration was in the range of 35.2 to 39.1 mg/L, hydraulic retention time of 4 hr, and operating temperature of 30℃, a nitrogen removal efficiency up to 94.6% and denitrification rate of 0.217 kg/（m3.day） was achieved. The starch-based materials developed in this study can be used as a solid carbon source for tertiary nitrogen removal from secondary effluent.     

共代谢对难降解有机物生物降解性能的影响

利用瓦呼仪测试法测试了呋喃等6种难降解有机物在单一基质和与苯酚共基质的条件下生物降解性能,研究共代谢对难降解有机物生物降解性能的影响。研究表明,共代谢对呋喃、喹啉、吲哚生物降解性能有明显提高,吡啶、联苯、三联苯在低浓度时,生物降解性能有所改善。     

臭氧氧化饮用水过程中可同化有机碳生成的影响因素

研究臭氧化过程中,臭氧投加量、p H值和离子强度对可同化有机碳(assimilable organic carbon,AOC)生成量的影响.结果表明,臭氧投加量在1~5 mg·L~(-1)范围,AOC的生成量随着投加量的增加而增加,但过高的臭氧投加量(9 mg·L~(-1))反而导致AOC生成量下降.p H越高(6~9),AOC的生成量也越高.AOC的生成量随着离子强度的升高而下降.臭氧氧化强疏组分AOC的生成量最高,其次为弱疏,而极亲和中亲最低.研究发现,AOC的生成量与小分子有机物的SUVA有密切的关系,较低的SUVA产生较多的AOC.     

鼠李糖脂促进地下水苯和氯苯污染的空气喷射修复

通过一维砂柱室内模拟实验,研究生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对空气喷射修复地下水中苯和氯苯污染的促进作用。实验研究了水中表面张力的变化对曝气过程中空气饱和度的影响,结果发现,在一定范围内,随着表面张力的下降,空气饱和度有大幅度的增加,当表面张力下降到37.75 m N/m以后,空气饱和度基本不再上升。曝气流量固定为300 m L/min,当地下水的表面张力由71.65 m N/m降到29.25 m N/m时,对应地下水中空气饱和度可由9.21%提高到20.1%。污染物去除实验的结果表明,添加低浓度的鼠李糖脂可以环保高效地提高苯和氯苯的去除量以及去除速率。因此,添加鼠李糖脂可以作为一种有效的强化方法来提高空气喷射法去除地下水中苯和氯苯污染的效率。     

罐头厂废水处理工程的MBR系统介绍

罐头厂每天排放大量废水，有机物含量较高，对环境污染严重。以丹东罐头厂为例，通过采用气浮＋MBR处理工艺，可使罐头厂排水达到国家城镇污水处理厂一级A排放标准。     

Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing recalcitrant compounds in a Fenton-coagulation process

The advanced treatment using integrated Fenton＇s reaction and coagulation process was investigated in this study. Before the advancement, the pharmaceutical wastewater containing lincomycin hydrochloride was pretreated by UASB （upflow anaerobic sludge bed） and a SBR （sequencing batch reactor） process. The residual recalcitrant compounds, measured by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS）, mainly consisted of alcohols, phenols, and nitrogenous and sulfur compounds. The experimental results indicated that when the Fenton＇s reaction was conducted at pH=3.0, H2O2CODOcr=0.27, H2O2/Fe^2＋=3：1 and 30 min of reaction time, and the coagulation process operated at a sulfate aluminum concentration of 800 mg/L and pH value of 5.0, the color and COD in the wastewater decreased by 94% and 73%, respectively; with a finale COD concentration of 267 mg/L and color level of 40 units, meeting the secondary standard of GB8978-1996 for industrial wastewater.     

微网生物动态膜过滤性能的研究

采用普通微网材料加工的过滤组件与生物反应器一起构成动态膜-生物反应器,研究了微网上所形成的生物动态膜的过滤性能.生物动态膜所具有的较强截留能力主要是由附着的凝胶层产生.动态膜对相对分子质量＜3×10³至＞1×10⁵的各个级别的溶解性有机物都有30%～60%的截留率,但过滤的精度并不很高,不能完全截留相对分子质量大于1×10⁵的溶解性有机物.已经覆盖有凝胶层的膜片与未使用过的新膜片的清水过滤阻力几乎相等,约为1.9×109m^-1.由滤饼产生的过滤阻力占运行中动态膜片总过滤阻力的绝大部分.新膜片在清水通过时有明显的初始阻力,而有凝胶层覆盖时的膜片几乎没有初始过滤阻力.     

超声处理对污泥厌氧消化的影响——消化效率对比

为研究超声处理对污泥消化效率的影响，笔者在大坦沙污水处理厂做了现场对比试验。所用的污泥分别为经过和未经过超声处理的污泥。试验结果显示，超声处理可以显著缩短消化罐的调试周期并提高消化效率，不同的混合比例可以使产气率提高30％～60％。     

过硫酸盐-石灰苏打处理印染反渗透浓水研究

本文通过热活化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化印染反渗透浓水(ROC)中的难降解有机物,并辅以石灰苏打软水技术降低其硬度,以期实现印染ROC的回用.PS氧化研究表明,酸性条件相对于中性和碱性条件更有利于反应的进行,适宜的初始PS浓度为1000 mg·L~(-1),经济有效的活化温度为75℃.PS氧化降解ROC中难降解有机物的过程符合一级降解动力学模型.经PS氧化处理后,ROC中SO2-4浓度由9600 mg·L~(-1)上升到10350 mg·L~(-1),节省了回用时印染助剂的投加;TOC浓度1.0 mg·L~(-1),表明ROC中难降解有机物已基本矿化.石灰苏打脱除印染ROC中硬度的研究表明,150 mg·L~(-1)的石灰和800 mg·L~(-1)的苏打投加量是降低硬度的最为适宜的药剂组合方式.PS-石灰苏打处理印染ROC可稳定实现出水COD21.5 mg·L~(-1),硬度17.5 mg·L~(-1),满足印染废水回用要求.     

再生水中有机物的臭氧氧化研究

以某城市污水处理厂深度处理的反硝化生物滤池出水为原水,研究了臭氧氧化对再生水中有机物的去除效果及臭氧氧化后醛类的生成规律.结果表明,臭氧能有效降解水中有机物,臭氧投加量为8 mg·L~(-1)时,DOC、UV254、色度的去除率分别为9.5%、45.6%和80.2%.三维荧光光谱荧光峰各区的荧光强度均随臭氧投加量的增加而降低,臭氧投加量为4 mg·L~(-1)时,再生水中的微生物代谢产物和腐殖质类物质的去除率分别为65.8%和63.2%.臭氧氧化产生的醛类副产物中甲醛和乙醛是主要的组成部分,当O3/DOC(质量浓度比)=1.1时,除丙烯醛外,其他几种醛类的浓度均达到最大值;臭氧氧化能够降低后续氯消毒过程中三卤甲烷类消毒副产物的生成浓度,对三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)的去除率为17%.