Technological behaviour and recycling potential of spent foundry sands in clay bricks

The feasibility of recycling spent foundry sand in clay bricks was assessed in laboratory, pilot line and industrial trials, using naturally occurring sand as a reference. Raw materials were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and leaching and combined to produce bodies containing up to 35% wt. sand. The extrusion, drying and firing behaviour (plasticity, drying sensitivity, mechanical strength, bulk density, water absorption, and shrinkage) were determined. The microstructure, phase composition, durability and leaching (EN 12457, granular materials, end-life step, European Waste Landfill Directive; NEN 7345, monolithic materials, use-life step, Dutch Building Material Decree) were evaluated for bricks manufactured at optimal firing temperature. These results demonstrate that spent foundry sand can be recycled in clay bricks. There are no relevant technological drawbacks, but the feasibility strongly depends on the properties of the raw materials. Spent foundry sand may be introduced into bricks up to 30% wt. Most of the hazardous elements from the spent foundry sand are inertized during firing and the concentrations of hazardous components in the leachates are below the standard threshold for inert waste category landfill excepting for chromium and lead; however, their environmental risk during their use-life step can be considered negligible.     

含油污水处理工艺中的污泥及污油回收技术改进措施

针对油田含油污水处理工艺中油水分离设备及缓冲罐等,长期运行积累的污泥若不及时排出,将导致污水中的悬浮固体含量上升和过滤负荷增大、缩短污水处理时间、影响处理效果及水质的问题。寻找合适的工艺技术,去除系统中产生的污油,以提高处理效率、改善最终处理水质。通过采用污泥回收、污油回收等措施,实现了污泥的有效排出,污油的有效回收,改善了处理水质,满足油田的生产需要。     

脚手架工人低估不安全行为风险的研究

为验证脚手架工人是否低估不使用安全带和高处抛扔物体2项不安全行为的风险,工人的年龄和工作年限是否会影响他们对2项不安全行为的风险评估,以及工人是否会低估不安全行为的外部性,通过问卷调查的方式让脚手架工人和管理人员对2项不安全行为的风险进行评估,然后借助方差分析(ANOVA)和t检验2种统计学方法对风险评估值进行分析。结果显示:工人显著低估2项不安全行为的风险,并且工人倾向于低估不安全行为给他人造成伤害的严重性,但是工作年限和年龄对风险评估的影响不显著。最后,结合上述研究结果提出避免工人低估2项不安全行为风险的管理建议。     

我国生态农村建设之探索

生态农村建设是当前建设社会主义新农村的重大举措,从农村的生态环境、基础条件和农民意识等方面,探讨了农村生态环境存在的问题,指出了加快农村生态建设的重要性,提出了加强乡镇企业环境综合整治、完善体制机制建设、发展生态农业、开展生态文明教育等措施。针对我国农村生态建设的现状和特点,探索出一种适合我国农村实际情况的可持续发展模式：以经济发展为基础,以科技应用为支点,以政府干预为手段,以制度创新为导向,以法制完善为保障,以意识提高为导向的生态农村建设。     

行为安全管理在煤矿行为管理中的应用研究

为提升煤矿企业行为管理水平、控制生产活动中的不安全行为,在探讨煤矿行为管理存在的问题基础上,将行为安全管理方法(BBS)应用到煤矿行为管理。通过分析BBS方法原理与工作机制,设计BBS在煤矿中的实施流程:评估企业安全行为状况并制定安全行为改进目标的前期准备阶段;制定行为安全观察表并实施行为观察的行为安全观察阶段;纠正矿工不安全行为并激励行为规范矿工的干预与反馈阶段。提出健全BBS制度、健全行为考核体系与激励机制、完善行为安全培训体系的BBS保障机制。只有将BBS落实到煤矿安全生产实践,才能对矿工的不安全行为产生有效控制,从而提高煤矿安全生产绩效。     

废硅橡胶二次裂解渣制多孔吸声材料的研究

采用吸声材料是吸声、降噪、改善声环境的有效手段。本文研究用废旧硅橡胶二次裂解渣和粘结剂为主要原料,采用压制成型的工艺,在常温下制成一种多孔吸声材料。主要考虑残渣里的硅烷类油份和所用发泡剂对试件吸声性能的影响。试验结果表明：所制吸声材料能达到一定的吸声性能,具有对环境无污染,施工方便等优点;且分离出硅烷类油份的灰渣所制试件比原废旧硅橡胶裂解残渣的吸声效果好很多,尤其在共振频率1250Hz下达到吸声峰值0.87。FP-186植物性水泥发泡剂相比FP-180动物性水泥发泡剂对试件吸声性能有所改善,使吸声特性曲线向低频方向移动。     

圆钢管轻集料混凝土梁与混凝土桥墩连接节点试验研究

为了解决圆钢管轻集料混凝土梁与混凝土桥墩的整体连接问题,共设计了穿心钢筋、穿心钢筋加弯矩传递板和穿心工字钢3种节点连接形式,采用拟静力试验研究了刚节点在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震耗能性能。试验结果表明,3种节点都具有良好的抗震耗能性能,等效粘滞阻尼系数都超过了钢筋混凝土结构要求的0.1,延性系数都大于规范规定的2;在节点屈服以后,3种节点仍然具有一定的承载力,其中穿心钢筋和穿心工字钢节点的延性系数和等效粘滞阻尼系数基本相同,穿心钢筋加弯矩传递板较其他2种刚节点稍差。     

节约型社会指标体系框架设计与广东节约水平现状评价

节约型社会指标体系贯穿了循环经济的思想，包括减量化、再使用再循环、节约支撑能力、资源禀赋变化与弹性系数等4领域共51个指标。应用该指标体系估算结果表明，广东省节能、节地、节水、节材、减污、资源化等核心指标目前高于全国平均水平，且每年均有所提升。高新技术产业产值占工业总产值比重、第三产业比重、行政管理费用所占GDP在全国属于领先地位，反映广东与其它地区的差异已经从数量的差异发展为结构性差异。GDP质量优于全国平均水平。但能源消费弹性系数反映出粗放型特征没有根本转变。水环境功能区水质达标率偏低，在制度支撑、科技支撑、教育支撑指标等方面亟待改进。     

Partial compensation of the sublethal effect of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma brassicae

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used and lead to a sizable environmental pollution that could interfere with the population biology of insects. Trichogramma is a beneficial insect used in biological control and which natural populations contribute to the control of Lepidopterus pests. In this work, we determined the effect of a sublethal dose of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma. The dose used (LD 0.1) induces no detectable mortality (the theoretical mortality is only one insect over 1000) and can be a good representation of contamination by this insecticide from environmental pollution. The insecticide was shown to have opposite effects on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma, depending on which sex was exposed (Delpuech, J.M., Legallet, B., Terrier, O., Fouillet, P., 1999. Chemosphere 38, 729–739). We show that, when both sexes are simultaneously exposed to the insecticide, this effect is only partially neutralized. The mean response of treated males responding to the sex pheromone from treated females is not significantly different from that of controls, but the kinetics of their response is not the same. When both sexes are treated, the response of males to the sex pheromone is lower at the beginning but their response does not decrease during time contrary to controls and becomes finally higher than that of controls. Therefore, the sublethal effect of deltamethrin in the field can be either advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the difficulty in finding females and their scarcity.     

自然灾害对人们行为的影响--中国历史上农民战争与中国自然灾害的关系

自然灾害不仅给人民的生产生活带来各种影响，对于人本身行为的影响也是不容忽视。从秦朝统一中国至清朝灭亡的2000多年间，中国发生了大小成百上千次农民战争。虽然每一次农民战争都有其深刻的社会原因，但多数都发生在出现了自然灾害的时候。本文通过大量的历史史实证明了自然灾害是导致农民战争的直接导火索。并以史为鉴，提出几点警示。