城市尾水外排长江口的氧化还原环境监测及其对重金属Hg,Cr形态的影响分析

2001-2002年对上海城市尾水排放对周边水域的影响进行研究,测量了竹园、白龙港尾水排放口水体的氧化还原电位(Eh),并分析了它对重金属形态及其毒性的影响。结果表明,目前上海市城市尾水水下排放并未改变长江口大水体的氧化还原环境,基本以氧化环境为主。重金属元素Hg、Cr主要以Hg(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)形态存在,尾水外排不会使Cr毒性增加。     

Redox potential EH [Se(VI)/Se(IV)] of aqueous extractof soils from Yongshou Kaschin-Beck diseaseregion and the influence by humic acid

The relation between E_H [Se(VI)/Se(IV)] and pH of soil aqueous extract in Kaschin-Beck disease region and the effects of natural redox agents, namely humic substances, MnO₂ and Fe²⁺, on the redox property of the system were studied. The results indicated that both humic acid and Fe²⁺ could enhance the reducibility of Se(VI) and MnO₂, a limited oxidizability for Se(IV). Fe²⁺ showed a weak reducibility only at low pH value. The reducibilities of three sulfur-containing compounds for Se(VI) were in following order:thioglycollic acid > L-cysteine > sulfide     

渤海沉积物中的"活性铁"与其氧化还原环境的关系

应用2001年12月航次所取得的渤海三个典型区域沉积物柱样品，用5％HCl浸取溶解自然粒度下的沉积物，测定了其中的Fe^3 ，Fe^2 ，Fe^3 /Fe^2 值，探讨了其分布特性及其与沉积物氧化还原环境的关系。结果表明Fe^3 在整个研究海域均是从表层向下逐渐递减的，Fe^2 在辽东湾是从表层向下逐渐减小的，而在其他海域是逐渐增加的。沉积物的上层（约50cm厚）Fe^3 含量变化复杂。一些柱状样Fe^2 含量随深度的增加而降低，可能除与沉积物来源有关外，还与“活性铁”的总量有关，“活性铁”含量在垂直方向上随深度而降低。从“活性铁”与Fe^3 /Fe^2 判断，所研究的渤海区沉积环境以弱氧化环境为主，局部地区为还原环境。     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

浙江省四种类型土壤酸缓冲性能初析

用酸定量回漓和土壤BS-pH缓冲曲线定性比较浙江省四种类型土壤酸缓冲性能的强弱.结果表明,酸性淋溶土缓冲能力虽较弱,但缓冲区出现范围较宽(BS20—80％)且缓冲性能较持久.近中性水成土则大体相反.四种土壤对SO_4~(2-)的吸附容量甚大,吸附过程符合Freundlich方程表述的规律.水和1.0 mol/L KNO_3对土壤吸附态SO_4~(2-)解吸率甚低(<40％).     

广东不同质地水稻土Q／I特性与钾肥施用技术的关系的研究

钾素Ｑ／Ｉ特性是表征土壤钾素状况的一个重要指标，它能同时度量土壤钾素的强度和容量．本文研究了广东不同质地水稻土Ｑ／Ｉ特性与大田钾肥施用技术的关系．结果表明：（１）不同质地土壤的Ｑ／１曲线差异明显，砂土类曲线较平缓．粘土类曲线较陡。（２）ＰＢＣｋ与土壤粘粒含量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．６５３）．（３）－△Ｋ０与作物相对百分产量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８７３），可作为预测当季作物需钾量的参数．（４）ＡＲ＿ｅ￣ｋ与土壤粘粒含量呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．５２０），ＡＲ＿ｅ￣ｋ的大小可作为钾肥合理分配的依据．     

热带西太平洋部分海域海水的化学状况分析

本文对１９９２年１１月棉兰老岛东南海域，伊里安岛北部海域上层水及４０°Ｓ１５６°Ｅ定点长达４个月的ｐＨ，Ｅｈ，ΣＳ调查分析，研究了上述海域的海水化学状况，结果表明，１９９２年１１月，在上层水中，棉兰老岛东南海域海水的碱性较弱，氧化性较强，伊里安岛北部海域海水碱性较强，还原性较强，４°Ｓ１５６°Ｅ的上层水界于二者之间。     

Shewanellasp．XB缺氧反硝化降解苯酚

苯酚的生物降解一直受到关注。以苯酚为惟一电子供体，研究了Shewanellasp．XB对苯酚的缺氧降解特性。研究结果表明，在反硝化条件下，当C／N为13．3时，苯酚可以完全降解，NO2--N积累量很少。另外，当加入氧化还原介体，如核黄素3μmol／L、AQDS0．01mmol／L、AQS0．05mmol／L和LQ0．01mmol／L时，苯酚降解速率分别为不加介体时的1．45、1．77、1．67和1．63倍。当以氯化铵代替硝酸盐时，苯酚也能进行厌氧发酵降解。另外，菌株XB反硝化降解苯酚可能是厌氧和好氧降解的混合过程。     

Shewanella sp.XB缺氧反硝化降解苯酚

苯酚的生物降解一直受到关注。以苯酚为惟一电子供体,研究了Shewanella sp.XB对苯酚的缺氧降解特性。研究结果表明,在反硝化条件下,当C/N为13.3时,苯酚可以完全降解,NO-2-N积累量很少。另外,当加入氧化还原介体,如核黄素3μmol/L、AQDS 0.01 mmol/L、AQS 0.05 mmol/L和LQ 0.01 mmol/L时,苯酚降解速率分别为不加介体时的1.45、1.77、1.67和1.63倍。当以氯化铵代替硝酸盐时,苯酚也能进行厌氧发酵降解。另外,菌株XB反硝化降解苯酚可能是厌氧和好氧降解的混合过程。     

Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension

Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatics by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension was investigated in a closed system. Carbon tetrachloride (CT) was used as a representative target of perchlorinated alkanes and trichloroethylene (TCE) was used as one of highly chlorinated alkenes. Degradation of CT in Fenton reaction was significantly enhanced by pyrite used as an iron source instead of soluble Fe. Pyrite Fenton showed 93% of CT removal in 140 min, while Fenton reaction with soluble Fe(II) showed 52% and that with Fe(III) 15%. Addition of 2-propanol to the pyrite Fenton system significantly inhibited degradation of TCE (99% to 44% of TCE removal), while degradation of CT was slightly improved by the 2-propanol addition (80-91% of CT removal). The result suggests that, unlike oxidative degradation of TCE by hydroxyl radical in pyrite Fenton system, an oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is not a main degradation mechanism for the degradation of CT in pyrite Fenton system but a reductive dechlorination by superoxide can rather be the one for the CT degradation. The degradation kinetics of CT in the pyrite Fenton system was decelerated (0.13-0.03 min⁻¹), as initial suspension pH decreased from 3 to 2. The formation of superoxide during the CT degradation in the pyrite Fenton system was observed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The formation at initial pH 3 was greater than that at initial pH 2, which supported that superoxide was a main reductant for degradation of CT in the pyrite Fenton system.