羟基镧改性树脂的制备及其对氟离子的吸附

采用共沉淀法制备了羟基镧改性D101树脂复合吸附剂,利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析仪、红外光谱和比表面积分析仪对复合吸附剂的结构和形貌进行了分析,并对水溶液中氟离子(F~-)进行吸附研究,探讨了该复合吸附剂对F~-的吸附特性,并将其应用于实际含氟废水的处理。结果表明:在25℃、F~-初始质量浓度为10 mg/L、吸附剂量为0.4 g/L、溶液pH=5时,F~-吸附量最大,为24.45 mg/g;复合吸附剂对F~-的吸附动力学数据遵循拟二级动力学反应模型,整个吸附反应为多级控制过程;复合吸附剂对F~-的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,在10℃、25℃和35℃下,吉布斯自由能(ΔGo)均小于0,焓变(ΔHo)大于0,熵变(ΔSo)大于0,表明该吸附反应为自发吸热熵增过程。采用羟基镧改性D101树脂复合吸附剂可以有效去除实际含氟废水中的氟化物,实现废水的达标排放。     

Dissolved organic matter removal using magnetic anion exchange resin treatment on biological effluent of textile dyeing wastewater

This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter（DOM） from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents（DBEs） with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin（NDMP）.DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight（MW）（〈3 kDa） DOM fractions constituted a major portion（〉50%） of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance（SUVA254）,and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon（PAC）. Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl（m/m）/1%NaOH（m/m）,could improve desorption efficiency.     

碱性树脂吸附碳酸氢盐水溶液中甲酸的研究

采用静态法测定了5种树脂对碳酸氢钾溶液中甲酸的交换吸附量，其中，D293强碱性阴离子交换树脂具有最高的交换吸附量，考察了温度对D293树脂交换吸附量的影响。在30℃条件下，利用静态法测定了甲酸在D293树脂上的吸附等温线，在低的甲酸浓度范围内，Langmuir方程比Freundlich方程能更好地描述树脂对甲酸的吸附；同时，测定了甲酸在D293树脂上的穿透曲线。     

Removal of metal ions from the complexed solutions in fixed bed using a strong-acid ion exchange resin

Fixed bed removal of equimolar metal ions (Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Sr²⁺) from aqueous solutions using a strong-acid resin was examined. The solution contained a water-soluble complexing agent including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and citric acid. Experiments were performed under different solution pH and molar concentration ratios of complexing agent to the total metals. It was shown from batch studies that the equilibrium exchange of metals and the resin mainly depended on solution pH, and partly on the type of complexing agent used. A mass transfer model was proposed to describe the breakthrough curves of the resin bed, which contained two parameters (τ and k) estimated from the observed breakthrough data. The calculated breakthrough curves agreed well with the measured ones (standard deviation <6%). In fixed bed tests at low pH (=2), the type of complexing agent had little effect on the breakthrough data. For a given complexing agent, the metal with a larger overall formation constant (K_f) showed a smaller exchange capacity. For a given metal ion, the complexing agent with a larger K_f also revealed a smaller exchange capacity.     

淀粉基超强吸水剂的研究

本文研究了淀粉基超强吸水剂的合成方法，探讨了反应条件对吸水性的影响.     

两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的树脂吸附处理及其资源化研究

采用XDA-1树脂吸附和碱液解吸工艺对两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水进行处理和回收研究。结果显示,在室温、pH 4~6、流速1~2BV/h条件下,两种废水的酚浓度分别从9500mg/L和24500mg/L降低到1mg/L和5mg/L,CODC r分别从18800mg/L和212000mg/L降低到1450mg/L和97500mg/L。用浓度4%的NaOH溶液在60℃条件下进行解析,解吸效率达99%。从两种废水中分别回收了浓度8%~12%的羟甲基酚和甲基苯酚,既减少了对环境的污染,又回收了资源。     

Fenton试剂处理电厂离子交换树脂再生废水

采用 Fenton试剂对电厂离子交换树脂再生废水进行催化氧化处理 ,实验结果表明 ,当溶液 p H=2 .0、H2 O2 ( 30 % )投加量为 6 0 m L/L、F e SO4· 7H2 O投加量为 4.5 g/L、H2 O2 投加次数为 4、反应时间为 1.5 h时 ,废水的处理效果最佳     

大孔吸附树脂对烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的吸附行为

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEOn)是一类重要的非离子表面活性剂,由于其生物代谢产物被证实具有较大的毒性,因此引起人们广泛关注.本文使用两种不同的大孔吸附树脂XAD-4、NDA-804对APEOn类物质NP10进行吸附,该技术可为使用大孔吸附树脂去除此类污染物提供理论依据.研究结果表明:XAD-4、NDA-804对NP10都有较好的吸附效果,温度对吸附有较大的影响,升高温度吸附量增大.NDA-804对NP10的吸附效果要好于XAD-4,这与它的化学特性以及孔结构有关.NP1O在两种树脂上的吸附都能用Langmuir吸附等温线方程很好的拟合,表明属于单层分子吸附.吸附热力学参数计算结果表明,XAD-4、NDA-804对NP10的吸附过程是吸热和自发的.吸附动力学拟合结果表明,NP10在XAD-4、NDA-804上的吸附都符合假二级反应动力学.     

松花江水中天然有机物的提取分离与特性表征

将反渗透与XAD大孔树脂吸附技术相结合,对松花江水中天然有机物(NOM)进行了浓缩和分离,并采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、液相凝胶色谱、官能团滴定1、HNMR核磁共振等分析手段,对松花江水中NOM及其各分离组分和一种商用腐殖酸CHA的特性进行了比较和表征.结果表明,利用反渗透进行NOM浓缩对水中有机物具有很高的回收率;松花江水中NOM组成为:富里酸>腐殖酸>亲水部分;各组分芳香性为:腐殖酸>憎水部分>富里酸>亲水部分,E₄/E₆与芳香性之间缺乏必然的联系;腐殖酸和商用腐殖酸具有较高的不饱和性,NOM和亲水部分次之,憎水部分和富里酸中饱和烃含量较多;紫外吸收较弱的有机成分对NOM分子量的贡献较大;NOM及其分离组分的总酸度为9.84～12.15meq/g,羧酸含量为CHA>亲水>憎水>NOM>富里酸>腐殖酸;NOM及其各分离组分的溶解性有机物构成以脂肪烃为主.     

核电厂凝结水精处理后置过滤器设置必要性分析

核电厂尤其是AP1000核电厂对二回路水质中的SO2-4控制非常严格,而精处理系统破碎树脂泄漏到二回路中高温分解是引起二回路SO2-4超标的一个重要原因。为了减少破碎树脂泄漏量,提出在精处理系统的混床后设置后置过滤器,并对后置过滤器设置的必要性进行了分析,为核电厂精处理系统的设计提供参考。