Impact of heavy metals of industrial plant wastewater on benthic communities of Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia)

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of human impact on the characteristics of sediments heavy metal concentration, grain size and its influence on the structure of the microbial and meiofaunal community assemblages. A survey was carried out in July 2013 within six sites located in the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia), both downstream and upstream of industrial effluents. The highest total sediment metal concentrations were detected in stations located close to the industrial sewage discharge points. In these stations, the lowest densities of the total meiofauna (33?±?13?ind/10?cm^?2) and conversely the highest densities of cultivable bacteria that are heavy metal resistant have been reported (16?±?80.34?CFU?g^?1). Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MDS/CCA) analyses demonstrate high dissimilarity (0.06) in meiofaunal and bacterial community structures between downstream and upstream industrial sewages. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis CCA results indicated that heavy metal sediment contamination promoted bacteria that are resistant to heavy metals, while heterotrophic bacteria supported the development of meiofauna taxa. The results highlight the importance of bacteria/meiofauna interactions, as both meiofaunal and microbial communities give indications of the ecological impact of heavy metal contamination in sediment.     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

基于重要抽样法的耐压球壳可靠性计算方法研究

目的 解决耐压球壳极小失效概率的可靠性计算问题。方法 在自适应Kriging的基础上,结合重要抽样法提出耐压球壳可靠性计算方法。该方法在较大失效概率下构建的Kriging模型基础上获得重要方向,在重要方向上计算得到较低失效概率下的设计点,以设计点为中心,构建小失效概率的Kriging模型,并通过此模型采用重要抽样法开展可靠性计算。结果 分别使用提出的重要抽样法和蒙特卡洛法计算了2个算例的失效概率,计算结果表明,该方法具有较高的精度和效率。使用该方法对某耐压球壳工作载荷下的失效概率进行了计算,计算得到该球壳失效概率为4.094×10^–96。结论 研究结果可为无失效方程下极低失效概率的可靠性计算问题提供参考。     

氯苯降解性质粒pL1限制性酶消化和物理图谱

大量提取Ｌ１菌质粒并用低熔点琼脂糖回收。用５种限制性核酸内切酶消化，所得片段数分别是：ＨｉｎｄⅢ４，ＢａｎＨⅠ１６，ＸｂａⅠ４，ＰｓｔⅠ１５，ＳｍａⅠ１２。从各片段的累加测出该质粒的平均大小约为９２．５ｋｂ，分子量为６０．０９×１０＾６ｄａｌｔｏｎ。在单酶消化的基础上，用ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＸｂａⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＢａｎＨⅠ、ＸＢａⅠ／ＢａｎＨⅠ双酶消化，以及ＢａｍＨⅠ部分消化，由此组建了ＨｉｎｄⅢ／Ｘｂａ     

短芽孢杆菌(Bacillus breuis)J_(74)降解萘和靛蓝形成的研究

芳香族化合物是用途广泛的化学制品,主要来源于煤和石油,其结构不仅稳定,而且具有很大的毒性,因此研究它们的微生物降解一直受到人们的关注.一些芳香族化合物降解菌,具有氧化吲哚形成靛蓝的能力.靛蓝是一种染料,主要是化学合成.微生物产     

Effect of excessive cadmium chloride on the plasmids of E. coli HB 101 in vivo

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｄｍｉｕｍｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｕｔａｎｔｓ．Ｉｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｔｏｘｉｃｔｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ（Ｂａｒｂｅｒ，１９９４；Ｃｏｌａｒｄ，１９９０；Ｇｏｙｅｒ，１９９５；Ｎａｓｓｉｒｉ，...     

氯代芳香化合物的微生物降解研究

生物技术对消除有毒化学品已显示出广阔的应用前景，深入研究有毒化学品微生物降解的生物化学和遗传学，可按照预期目的构建具有更大降解能力的遗传工程菌株，以促使污染物的无害化资源化。本文对纯菌株降解氯代芳香化合物的降解途径、降解性质粒和遗传工程菌株的构建等诸方面进行了综述。     

水环境中耐热大肠菌群的抗生素耐药性与质粒谱研究

用滤膜法、mFC培养基从5种水体中分离出疑似耐热大肠菌162株,用API微生物分析系统鉴定到种,以Kirby-Bauer法分析其对人畜常用10种抗生素的耐药性,碱裂解法小量制备各菌株质粒DNA做质粒谱分析.结果表明,埃希氏大肠杆菌为优势菌,占分离菌总数的96.3%.除分离自泉水的3株外,其它菌株都对3种及3种以上抗生素耐药,多重耐药率为98.1%.不同水体分离菌株对氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、链霉素的耐药率有显著性差异(P<0.005).92株菌(56.8%)提取到大小为0.90～158.83kb、数量为1～6个的质粒,有81种质粒谱型.70株(43.2%)未提取到质粒的细菌中有67株为多重耐药.具有相同质粒谱型的菌株耐药谱都不相同.未发现质粒谱与抗生素耐药性间有明显相关性.图1表3参15     

恶臭假单胞菌H2-3降解水杨酸和烷烃的研究

随着石油化工工业的发展,难分解的烃类化合物给环境带来的污染引起了普遍的关注。微生物对环境中难分解化合物的降解和转化是当今环境微生物学研究的重要内容之一。尤其是芳香烃化合物如酚、萘、水杨酸、氯代芳烃等生物降解在近半个世纪以来逐步得以广泛深入的研究。至于细菌对于烃类物质的降解遗传控制只是从七十年代开始。早在1972年美国Chakrabaty研究了假单胞菌降解水杨酸的遗传基础,发现了水杨酸降解质     

Repeated batch and continuous degradation of chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas putida

The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying repeated batch and continuous degradation of chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate) using Ca-alginate immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida isolated from an agricultural soil, and to study the genes and enzymes involved in degradation. The study was carried out to reduce the toxicity of chlorpyrifos by degrading it to less toxic metabolites. Long-term stability of pesticide degradation was studied during repeated batch degradation of chlorpyrifos, which was carried out over a period of 50 days. Immobilized cells were able to show 65% degradation of chlorpyrifos at the end of the 50th cycle with a cell leakage of 112 × 10³ cfu mL^?1. During continuous treatment, 100% degradation was observed at 100 mL h^?1 flow rate with 2% chlorpyrifos, and with 10% concentration of chlorpyrifos 98% and 80% degradation was recorded at 20 mL h^?1 and 100 mL h^?1 flow rate respectively. The products of degradation detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis were 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and chlorpyrifos oxon. Plasmid curing experiments with ethidium bromide indicated that genes responsible for the degradation of chlorpyrifos are present on the chromosome and not on the plasmid. The results of Polymerase chain reaction indicate that a ~890-bp product expected for mpd gene was present in Ps. putida. Enzymatic degradation studies indicated that the enzymes involved in the degradation of chlorpyrifos are membrane-bound. The study indicates that immobilized cells of Ps. putida have the potential to be used in bioremediation of water contaminated with chlorpyrifos.