Forest Health,Collective Behaviors,and Management

This study compares community-based managed forests under different purposes of management, namely, state-driven conservation or community-designed utilization in two villages located in the Sopsai watershed, Nan Province, northern Thailand. The forest health under different intensity of uses is assessed in association with the collective behaviors and long-term purposes embedded in village social–cultural context. The study found no significant differences in forest succession and proportion in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh) class and height-class distribution of the forest under different use intensity. The forest for utilization also showed higher density and basal area of the local preferred species than the conservation forest. In the utilization forest, we also found a higher number of multipurpose and preferred species than in the conservation forest, which actually responded to the needs of the community in the long term to have more wood products (both firewood and timbers). The community-based forest management (CBFM) for utilization can also lead to natural regeneration and biodiversity similar to conservation forests. Through CBFM, forest resources can be managed to maintain the healthy condition under different intensities and respond to both community needs and external expectation. The findings also emphasize the importance of recognizing community needs and management objectives in watershed restoration and improving the productivity of forests under collective management.     

基于心理契约的煤炭企业员工安全感的培育

分析心理契约与安全感内涵,进一步探讨煤矿企业员工心理契约形成过程及其与安全感之间的关系模型,指出心理契约是影响员工安全感的重要因素。根据心理契约的动态发展特性,提出煤矿企业员工安全感3阶段培育策略。指出通过生产设备本质安全化、健全安全管理制度,安全行为矫正与安全心理培训等手段建立良性互动的心理契约,是培养煤炭企业员工安全感的重要途径。研究表明:在煤炭企业内部建立有效的沟通平台可以强化企业与员工之间的心理约束,提高员工的心理承受能力和风险干预能力,进而增强煤炭企业员工的安全感。研究的思路和方法为煤炭企业的安全管理提供了一种全新的视角,对遏止煤矿重大事故具有重要意义。     

分散剂对脱水污泥流动性能的影响

采用旋转粘度法研究了高速搅拌时间以及有机、无机分散剂对脱水污泥流动性能的影响,结果表明:采用高速机械搅拌的方法能够使污泥的表观粘度降低,经过30s后表观粘度可由8500mPa·s降低到2740mPa·s,流动性增大;在此基础上掺加1%的萘系磺酸盐或2%的酒石酸钾钠可使污泥的表观粘度由2740mPa·s分别降到1840mPa·s与1640mPa·s,并且将这两种分散剂复合后加入到脱水污泥中,可以使污泥的表观粘度由2740mPa·s降到1360mPa·s,表观粘度明显降低。此课题的研究为脱水污泥的处理与处置提供了有利的试验依据。     

降雨条件下岩溶碳汇的动态变化特征——以桂林毛村地下河为例

2010年6月13日至6月17日期间,对桂林毛村岩溶地下河出口HCO3-与流量对降雨的响应进行了高分辨率的监测,实时监测降雨量和地下河出口河水水位、水温、pH值、电导率、重碳酸根,结合计算地下河水方解石饱和指数(SIc)与二氧化碳分压(pCO2)的基础上,分析了降雨条件下岩溶碳汇的动态变化特征.相关数据表明,(1)岩溶...     

煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究

从认知心理学视角,分析煤矿员工不安全行为的决策心理过程,构建煤矿员工不安全行为"知-能-行"模式模型,归纳该模式下煤矿员工不安全行为致因因素,为煤矿员工不安全行为管理工作提供了重要理论参考。研究表明:煤矿管理者的不尽职行为是一种重要的不安全行为,并成为导致我国煤矿事故频发的根本原因;安全管理规定和行为规范、员工的记忆状态、理解能力、行为认知能力、价值观及价值判断、行动能力均是影响煤矿员工作出不安全行为的重要心理因素;预防和控制煤矿员工不安全行为应从煤矿员工的外在规定性、"知"、"能"、"行"4个方面入手;对煤矿管理者和工人的不安全行为管理应具有差异性。     

The power of reflection for would-be leaders: Investigating individual work reflection and its impact on leadership in teams

This paper examines the key role that individual work reflection plays in facilitating individuals' leadership in teams. Consistent with the functional perspective on leadership, we argue that individual work reflection allows individuals to better understand their team's needs, and therefore enact higher levels of task-, relational-, and change-oriented leadership behaviors and be more effective leaders in their teams. We first conducted a series of measure development studies to validate a measure of individual work reflection comprising four dimensions of reflection at work: goals-, methods-, relationships-, and self-focused reflection. Then, across two independent studies assessing individuals in self-managing teams over time, we found support for our theoretical model linking individual work reflection to peer-rated leadership behaviors (Main Studies 1 and 2) and leadership effectiveness (Main Study 2). In further support of our theorizing, Main Study 2 also indicates that individual work reflection shapes leadership behaviors and effectiveness via understanding the team's needs, beyond a wide range of related constructs (e.g., feedback seeking, mindfulness, and rumination), as well as commonly studied predictors of leadership behaviors (i.e., the Big Five). Our theory and empirical findings help advance insights on the role of individual work reflection in improving leadership outcomes in organizations.     

基于瑟利模型的社区火灾分析

随着我国城镇化速度的不断加快,我国城乡间社区的数量也不断提升,与此同时社区的消防安全隐患也开始逐渐显露。为了做好社区火灾的预防工作,本文有效的分析社区火灾发生发展过程中人的作用,把社区视为一个人、机和环境构成的完整系统,建立了社区火灾的瑟利模型,运用瑟利模型分析社区火灾发生、发展、防控过程中人的感知与响应因素,分析了社区火灾产生的部分原因,提出了针对火灾危险发生和释放阶段的预防措施和建议。     

硫丹的环境行为及水生态毒理效应研究进展

有机氯农药硫丹作为一种典型的持久性有机污染物(POPs)曾广泛应用于农业生产,我国曾大量使用。硫丹作为一种重要的污染物通过地表径流、淋、溶、干/湿沉降等方式进入水体,在直接影响大型水生植物和浮游藻类的同时,给鱼类等水生动物也带来了一定的毒性效应。由于其半衰期较长、迁移能力强、富集性高,在水体环境中已普遍检测出硫丹的存在,因此,对硫丹的水生生态安全性评价显得十分重要。硫丹对水生生物具有高毒性,它可影响生物正常受体配体作用、损伤生物膜、影响活性氧代谢并具有潜在的内分泌干扰作用。本文介绍了硫丹的环境行为效应,并综述了硫丹对水生生物的毒性及几种致毒机制,展望了该领域今后的研究重点和方向。     

Understanding knowledge hiding in organizations

In our introduction to this special issue on understanding knowledge hiding in organizations, we provide some context to how and why this phenomenon should be studied. We then describe the five articles that comprise the special issue, and we note some common themes and divergences in this collection. Our introduction concludes with some suggestions for future research on knowledge hiding in organizations.     

Mate choice games, context-dependent good genes, and genetic cycles in the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana

According to mate choice models, a female should prefer males with traits that are reliable indicators of genetic quality which the sire can pass on to their progeny. However, good genes may depend on the social environment, and female choice for good genes should be context dependent. The side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana, exhibits genetically based throat colors (orange, blue, or yellow) that could be used as a sexually selected signal since they reliably predict the genetic quality of mates. The frequencies of male and female morphs cycle between years, and both male and female morphs have an advantage when rare; thus genetic quality will depend on morph frequency. A female should choose a sire that maximizes the reproductive success of both male and female progeny. We examine a game theoretical model that predicts female mate choice as a function of morph frequency and population density. The model predicts the following flexible mate choice rule: both female morphs should prefer rare males in ’boom years’ of the female cycle (e.g., ’rarest-of-N rule’), but prefer orange males in ’crash years’ of the female cycle (’orange-male rule’). Cues from the current social environment should be used by females to choose a mate that maximizes the future reproductive success of progeny, given the social environment of the next generation. We predict that the cue is the density of aggressive orange females. In the side-blotched lizard, cycling mate choice games and context-dependent mate choice are predicted to maintain genetic variation in the presence of choice for good genes. Received: 8 March 2000 / Revised: 26 August 2000 / Accepted: 4 September 2000