西南喀斯特流域枯季地下水电导率特征及水-岩作用分析

受特殊水文地质条件影响,西南喀斯特流域水动力过程与物质循环过程复杂,利用单一水文信息分析该地区水动力过程具有较大难度。地下水电导率受喀斯特水文地质条件影响显著,可以综合反映区域水动力条件与岩性特征。论文选取贵州普定县后寨河流域为研究区,通过野外调查及地下水电导率原位测定,结合流域地形、岩性及落水洞、岩溶泉等岩溶地貌空间分布规律,分析了喀斯特流域枯季地下水电导率空间分布及其受水-岩特征的影响。结果表明,山丘区地下水电导率较低,主要由于喀斯特山区是岩溶裂隙/管道网络发育的强径流区,水-岩接触时间较短。随高程降低,地下水电导率呈现增加趋势,表明地下水流速度减缓,水-岩接触时间变长。地下水电导率受岩性特征影响显著,石灰岩区水-岩作用强烈,易形成较高电导率地下水,平均电导率650 μS/cm,白云岩区水-岩作用减弱,地下水电导率降低,平均值523 μS/cm。     

插板对正庚烷油池火燃烧行为的影响研究

海上石油泄漏常规的处理方法是原位燃烧,加速其燃烧并使其燃尽是降低其对生态环境影响的重要措施之一。以正庚烷为燃料,在油池内插入竖直铝板,研究不同高度铝板对池火燃烧行为的影响。结果表明,插板对池火燃烧速率以及火焰高度具有明显的增强作用,随着板的高度的增加,增强作用先增大后减小,当H_p/D(板高与油池直径之比)为3.5时,增强作用最大。火焰高度、板的温度、热通量以及燃烧速率的变化趋势一致,它们的临界点均在H_p/D=3.5附近。插板后燃烧速率增大主要是因为插板自身的热传导导致了燃料的核态沸腾,使燃料接受的热反馈增大,从而加快了燃料的蒸发,增大了燃烧速率。     

土岩爆破作业安全评价与事故分析

用打分法对城市土岩爆破作业的严重伤害可能性进行评价,并运用事故树分析法,对其严重伤害可能性进行分析,找出导致事故发生的可能性因素及可采用的预防途径,为实际伤害事故的预防提供有益参考。     

工业动火防护方法的探讨

介绍了在石油生产设备设施的建设安装和检修动火过程中 ,工程技术人员创造发明的防护盲板、防护接地、加装管道扫线接口和绝缘螺栓4种防护方法 ,简要叙述它们的结构、用途和适用范围 ,为油田施工单位进行动火作业提供技术参考。     

电除尘器分布板孔形对气流分布影响的仿真研究

针对不同气流分布板孔形,采用欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型,应用CFX软件对电除尘器内部流场进行数值模拟计算,获得气流分布板孔形对气流均匀性影响的关系规律。仿真结果表明,孔形为方形的气流分布板能获得较佳的气流分布均匀性。     

上覆岩层瓦斯卸压范围及流动规律的应用研究

为合理、高效地治理朱家店煤矿巷道掘进和煤层开采过程中瓦斯浓度多次超限的技术阻力,本文针对该煤矿不同煤层上覆岩层瓦斯卸压范围及流动规律进行了较为深入的研究,建立了其BP神经网络破坏高度的数学预测模型。通过合理地计算,本文确定了该矿开采煤层上覆岩层的走向及倾向卸压长度、卸压上限和卸压范围,最后提出了有效控制上覆岩层瓦斯大量流向工作面及采空区的技术策略,从而达到了遏制矿井瓦斯事故发生的目的。     

Horizontal lifelines – review of regulations and simple design method considering anchorage rigidity

Among the many occupational risks construction workers encounter every day falling from a height is the most dangerous. The objective of this article is to propose a simple analytical design method for horizontal lifelines (HLLs) that considers anchorage flexibility. The article presents a short review of the standards and regulations/acts/codes concerning HLLs in Canada the USA and Europe. A static analytical approach is proposed considering anchorage flexibility. The analytical results are compared with a series of 42 dynamic fall tests and a SAP2000 numerical model. The experimental results show that the analytical method is a little conservative and overestimates the line tension in most cases with a maximum of 17%. The static SAP2000 results show a maximum 2.1% difference with the analytical method. The analytical method is accurate enough to safely design HLLs and quick design abaci are provided to allow the engineer to make quick on-site verification if needed.     

基于RFPA2D复合局部挠曲岩体数值模拟

为研究复合局部挠曲岩体强度特征以及破坏规律，采用岩石真实破裂软件RFPA^2D，对水平层面挠曲30°，45°，60°，75°的复合岩体进行单轴压缩试验模拟。模拟结果表明:挠曲角为30°，45°，60°，75°的复合岩体破坏面几乎与挠曲段夹层重合，其挠曲端部均产生了垂直于挠曲段夹层的裂纹；复合单斜岩体与复合挠曲岩体破坏面的形成因素大致相同，夹层强度是2种岩体失稳的主要因素；复合挠曲岩体单轴抗压强度随挠曲角增大同样呈“U”型变化，与单斜岩体变化趋势一致；当水平层状岩体发生挠曲后，其单轴抗压强度减小，当挠曲角为60°时，强度降低25.19%，当挠曲角为75°时，强度降低0.17%。；随着均质系数m的增大，复合挠曲岩体单轴抗压强度以及轴向应变均出现逐渐递增的趋势，且不同m值，其岩体裂隙扩展方式具有明显差别。     

THOR dummy chest deflection response in oblique and lateral far-side sled tests

Abstract

Objective: The focus of this study is side impact. Though occupant injury assessment and protection in nearside impacts has received considerable attention and safety standards have been promulgated, field studies show that a majority of far-side occupant injuries are focused on the head and thorax. The 50th percentile male Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) has been used in oblique and lateral far-side impact sled tests, and regional body accelerations and forces and moments recorded by load cells have been previously reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chestband-based deflection responses from these tests.

Methods: The 3-point belt–restrained 50th percentile male THOR dummy was seated upright in a buck consisting of a rigid flat seat, simulated center console, dashboard, far-side side door structure, and armrest. It was designed to conduct pure lateral and oblique impacts. The center console, dashboard, simulated door structure, and armrest were covered with energy-absorbing materials. A center-mounted airbag was mounted to the right side of the seat. Two 59-gage chestbands were routed on the circumference of the thorax, with the upper and lower chestbands at the level of the third and sixth ribs, respectively, following the rib geometry. Oblique and pure lateral far-side impact tests with and without airbags were conducted at 8.3 m/s. Maximum chest deflections were computed by processing temporal contours using custom software and 3 methods: Procedures paralleling human cadaver studies, using the actual anchor point location and actual alignment of the InfraRed Telescoping Rods for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) in the dummy on each aspect—that is, right or left,—and using the same anchor location of the internal sensor but determining the location of the peak chest deflection on the contour confined to the aspect of the sensor; these were termed the SD, ID, and TD metrics, respectively.

Results: All deformation contours at the upper and lower thorax levels and associated peak deflections are given for all tests. Briefly, the ID metrics were the lowest in magnitude for both pure lateral and oblique modes, regardless of the presence or absence of an airbag. This was followed by the TD metric, and the SD metric produced the greatest deflections.

Conclusion: The chestbands provide a unique opportunity to compute peak deflections that parallel current IR-TRACC-type deflections and allow computation of peak deflections independent of the initial point of attachment to the rib. The differing locations of the peak deflection vectors along the rib contours for different test conditions suggest that a priori attachment is less effective. Further, varying magnitudes of the differences between ID and TD metrics underscore the difficulty in extrapolating ID outputs under different conditions: Pure lateral versus oblique, airbag presence, and thoracic levels. Deflection measurements should, therefore, not be limited to an instrument that can only track from a fixed point. For improved predictions, these results suggest the need to investigate alternative techniques, such as optical methods to improve chest deflection measurements for far-side occupant injury assessment and mitigation.     

某矿低铜废石综合回收利用项目职业病危害预评价

为了对某矿业有限公司低铜废石综合回收利用项目可能产生的职业病危害因素进行辨识、分析和评价，采用检查表、类比法相结合的原则对该项目的铲装、破碎、运输、筑堆等工艺进行分析评价，并利用经验法对浸出、萃取电积工艺进行分析评价。结果表明:类比工程中绝大部分粉尘、噪声检测点的浓（强）度符合国家标准；化学毒物、工频电场接触浓（强）度符合国家标准；电积车间的通风满足要求；萃取车间的事故通风能力不足。评价方法及通风计算方法对同类项目具有借鉴意义。