试用平炉尘制备中温变换催化剂

利用钢铁厂平炉尘制备中温变换催化剂,制备成本低,工艺简单,活性达到部颁标准,具有明显的经济效益.     

Effects of alternating temperatures on development and reproduction of the armyworm,Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of cycling and constant temperature on development and reproduction of the armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) were investigated by rearing the insects on the artificial diet under temperatures covering low(16-24℃ vs. 20 ℃ ), medial(20-28℃ vs. 24℃ ) and high(24-32 ℃ vs. 28 ℃) regions. In the low region, all the immature stages of the insect developed significantly faster under alternating temperatures than at corresponding constant temperatures. For the medial region, their development was little affected by variable temperatures. For the high region, developmental durations tended to be longer under cycling temperatures except egg stage.Mean fecundities of the adult moths markedly increased under cycling temperatures as compared with those at respective constant temperature in all regions.Possible reasons for effect of alternating temperatures on insect development are discussed in some details.     

深度平均的应力-通量代数全场模型及其验证

提出了深度平均的应力—通量代数全场模型，用来模拟热水侧向排入大水体的各向异性的输移扩散规律。应用有限体积法对控制方程进行离散，利用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ法进行数值模拟。通过该模式的模拟计算给出了速度场、温度场的分布。所得的回流区形状及温度场分布与深度平均的ｋ－ε模型及实验资料对比，本文的计算结果与实测值符合得较好     

阳离子型聚合物对低温低浊水的絮凝效果与形态学特性

采用微絮凝-深床直接过滤工艺,以西安市曲江水厂低温低浊水质为原水(水温低于10 ℃,初始浊度低于10NTU),投加阳离子型聚合物(简称CP)作主混凝剂或助凝剂,借助分形数学理论与图像分析技术,对滤料粒径、原水浊度、原水温度、药剂种类、聚合物分子量及投加量、混合强度等因素对处理效果的影响进行了研究,分析探讨了不同药剂处理低温低浊水的作用机理、絮凝形态学特征以及絮体结构的分形特性.结果表明,①当温度低于4 ℃、初始浊度小于4NTU时,不宜单独采用Al2(SO4)3或PAC作为絮凝剂;当温度为4～10 ℃、初始浊度小于10NTU时,如果只投加Al2(SO4)3或PAC作为絮凝剂,宜用细砂滤料过滤;低温低浊条件下,无机混凝剂形成的絮体粒径小、结构松散脆弱、有效质量密度低、沉速慢,但表征絮体分形特性的分维值较高.②CP作絮凝剂能显著改善低温低浊水的絮凝效果与过滤性能,但混合强度需增大,宜用粗砂滤料过滤;③单独用CP作絮凝剂时,宜投加分子量较低的弱阳性聚合物或投加低剂量较高分子量的强阳性聚合物;CP用作助凝剂时,能显著减少主混凝剂用量,但宜投加强阳性聚合物或增加弱阳性聚合物的剂量.④CP兼备电性中和与吸附架桥絮凝作用,能形成粒径较大、吸附性能与过滤性能良好的网状絮体构型,其有效质量密度高,产生的污泥量少,污泥沉降速度快,脱水效果好,但分维值低.⑤各种水处理药剂的处理效果为:Al2(SO4)3(或PAC) CP＞CP＞PAC＞Al2(SO4)3,这种差别由絮体的形态学特性与构型特征各异引起.     

Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance, microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH₄/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.     

多热源分散程度的数学模拟及对置换通风影响

通过建立多污染热源置换通风的三维数学模型,根据数值解分析三热源位置变化对多污染源置换通风效果的影响,结果表明:热源的位置变化对多污染热源置换通风效果的影响是很大的,房间内热源应紧凑布置以利于提高通风效果和节能。     

青岛地区边界层特征及酸雨成因

青岛地区边界层风场与温度场垂直分布很特殊，在１５００ｍ高度以下风场，近地面层风速较小，３００—４００ｍ高度风速较大，５００ｍ以上风速减小，１０００ｍ以上又逐渐增大．温度层结早晚稳定，午后２００ｍ以下不稳定，混合层不高，一般在４００ｍ左右，有时可达７００ｍ，低空经常出现多层逆温．冬季盛行偏北风，夏季盛行偏南风，并经常受江淮气旋和黄淮气旋影响，气旋经过青岛地区时，流场经常出现上、下辐合气流．引入平直和上、下切变两种气流，应用平流扩散方程，对青岛地区连续点源所排放的污染物作模式计算，结果表明，在单一平直气流时，污染物传输较远，但浓度轴线也在一定距离上与地面相交．尤其是在雨天，污染物只在局地散布，浓度较大．当风向出现上、下层切变时，污染物传输范围受限制，这些污染物质在雨天经过化学变化即在近距离形成酸雨．     

基于风险的检验在高温高压管廊蒸汽管道的应用

高含硫天然气净化装置高温高压管廊蒸汽管道由于不能停车,在现有技术条件下无法开展全面检验,存在安全运行的风险。简述了基于风险的检验技术的基本理念。讨论了蒸汽管道开展基于风险的检验的合规性、损伤模式及机理、风险评估方法和程序。通过综合考虑失效可能性和失效后果,制定最优检验策略并实施,解决了高温高压管廊蒸汽管道到期不能检验的问题,及时发现隐患并整改,确保管道合法合规安全运行。研究结果表明,采用基于风险的检验技术,既能节约大量的停车和检验维修费用,又能有效地提高重点设备管线的安全性和管理水平。     

常温空气无焰燃烧中NOx生成的研究

研究了常温空气无焰燃烧中Nox的生成规律.实验研究和计算分析表明,在燃烧器射流对称轴上(300mm×2000mm的空间内),自喷口至炉膛中心处,有一个温度较低的剧烈的燃气与空气扩散混合区,在此区域内,不生成Nox;温度大于1320K的区域,开始生成N2O;在炉膛后部温度大于1810K的高温区,开始生成NO.过量空气系数与容积热负荷对烟气中Nox生成量的影响不大与传统的扩散火焰或预混火焰不同,常温空气无焰燃烧反应发生在一个弥散的宽广区域,在整个炉膛内同时进行,炉膛内高温区面积很小,因而Nox的生成量低,排放稳定.     

塔里木盆地光温模式研究及其应用

建立了塔里木盆地光照、温度模式 ,该模式可以预测出塔里木盆地无资料地区各网格点的日照时数和冬季(1月)、夏季 (7月 )平均气温。在此基础上 ,应用统计学导出的极值分布和正态分布概率模式 ,预测了塔里木盆地各站上述要素不同概率的设计值。首次揭示了塔里木盆地无资料地区光照时间、温度分布规律。该模式为塔里木油田石油工业总体规划和大型工程设计及农业合理布局等提供了有效的科学依据