Mixing regime shapes the community assembly process, microbial interaction and proliferation of cyanobacterial species Planktothrix in a stratified lake

Lake mixing influences aquatic chemical properties and microbial community composition,and thus, we hypothesized that it would alter microbial community assembly and interaction. To clarify this issue, we explored the community assembly processes and cooccurrence networks in four seasons at two depths(epilimnion and hypolimnion) in a mesotrophic and stratified lake(Chenghai Lake), which formed stratification in the summer and turnover in the winter. During the stratification period, the epilimni...     

黑碳对呼吸系统发病急性影响及气温修正效应研究

为研究黑碳(BC)对呼吸系统急性发病的影响及气温的修正效应,收集北京市2009~2012年264075例呼吸系统急诊病例与同期空气污染物(BC、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂)及气象数据,在划分呼吸道感染部位(上、下呼吸道)与人群年龄的基础上,采用分布-滞后非线性模型与广义相加模型进行建模.首先分别研究BC、气温与发病的(滞后)关联,继而构造二元交互模型探索气温-BC的协同关系,再分层量化BC在不同气温水平的健康影响;并同时纳入气态污染物验证BC结果的稳健性.结果表明,对总呼吸系统、上感、下感而言,气温-发病风险的暴露-响应曲线均近似“V”型,阈值温度分别为24℃、26℃和24℃,且低温的滞后累积影响强于高温.主效应模型揭示BC诱发即时性风险,影响在3d内消失;BC浓度每升高四分位数(IQR),总呼吸系统、上感、下感的超额发病风险(ER)分别为1.97%、2.64%和1.34%.少儿(£14岁)超额发病风险最高(总呼吸系统,3.40%),而老年组(³60岁)结果不甚显著.双污染物模型显示,BC与SO₂共存会放大BC关联风险,尤以上感响应明显;而BC与NO₂共存会适度增强下感风险.BC-气温的非参数二元模型显示,BC升高使发病风险类似对数函数上升,且高温会显著增强BC的健康影响.分层模型得到,每IQR BC在气温高于阈值时导致的下感风险显著高于上感,分别为5.55%、1.27%(P>0.05);而低于阈值时BC所致上、下感风险相当,均在0.55%左右.BC对呼吸系统发病的急性影响与感染部位和气温水平紧密相关,不同年龄段间也体现差异化特征.     

松香基三烯丙酯交联聚合树脂的合成及其对水中Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cu（II）的吸附性能与机制

以自制的松香基三烯丙酯（triallyl maleopimarate， TAMP）为交联剂，通过悬浮聚合法合成了一种松香基三烯丙酯交联聚合树脂（triallyl maleopimarate-acrylic copolymer， TAMPA），采用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、N₂吸附脱附曲线和热重（TG）分析等方法对其物理化学结构及热稳定性等进行表征，采用批量吸附实验探讨了TAMPA投加量、溶液pH、温度、接触时间和离子强度等因素对TAMP树脂对Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cu（II）重金属离子吸附性能的影响.结果表明，当pH值为2.0~5.0，TAMPA树脂对Pb（II）、Cu（II）和Cd（II）吸附量呈先增大后平缓的趋势，pH=5.0为最大值.随着离子溶液的增加对TAMP树脂去除重金属离子有抑制作用；吸附动力学符合准二级模型；Freundlich等温吸附模型可以较好地描述TAMPA对3种重金属的吸附；吸附热力学结果表明其能自发对相关金属离子进行吸附.以EDTA为洗脱剂，重复再生3次后TAMPA仍有可观的吸附性能.结合XPS和量子化学计算模拟结果，提出了TAMPA对Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cu（II）的吸附作用机制，主要为重金属离子与材料基体中的C?O氧配位螯合作用.     

Mitigation translocation as a management tool

Mitigation translocation is a subgroup of conservation translocation, categorized by a crisis-responsive time frame and the immediate goal of relocating individuals threatened with death. However, the relative successes of conservation translocations with longer time frames and broader metapopulation- and ecosystem-level considerations have been used to justify the continued implementation of mitigation translocations without adequate post hoc monitoring to confirm their effectiveness as a conservation tool. Mitigation translocations now outnumber other conservation translocations, and understanding the effectiveness of mitigation translocations is critical given limited global conservation funding especially if the mitigation translocations undermine biodiversity conservation by failing to save individuals. We assessed the effectiveness of mitigation translocations by conducting a quantitative review of the global literature. A total of 59 mitigation translocations were reviewed for their adherence to the adaptive scientific approach expected of other conservation translocations and for the testing of management options to continue improving techniques for the future. We found that mitigation translocations have not achieved their potential as an effective applied science. Most translocations focused predominantly on population establishment- and persistence-level questions, as is often seen in translocations more broadly, and less on metapopulation and ecosystem outcomes. Questions regarding the long-term impacts to the recipient ecosystem (12% of articles) and the carrying capacity of translocation sites (24% of articles) were addressed least often, despite these factors being more likely to influence ultimate success. Less than half (47%) of studies included comparison of different management techniques to facilitate practitioners selecting the most effective management actions for the future. To align mitigation translocations with the relative success of other conservation translocations, it is critical that future mitigation translocations conform to an established experimental approach to improve their effectiveness. Effective mitigation translocations will require significantly greater investment of time, expertise, and resources in the future.     

气候变化与土壤侵蚀相互作用研究进展

气候变化和土壤侵蚀是当前全球变化研究重点关注的两个自然过程,二者之间的相互作用是地表过程的重要研究内容之一。本文从土壤侵蚀对气候变化的响应、碳循环过程对土壤侵蚀的反馈两个方面综述了气候变化与土壤侵蚀相互作用研究进展。分析认为：理想的地质载体是深刻理解地质历史时期土壤侵蚀对气候变化响应特征的关键;土壤侵蚀预测模型的适用条件和范围以及降雨侵蚀力估算方法缺乏标准化是造成土壤侵蚀量估算结果存在差异的主要因素;侵蚀作用下土壤有机碳矿化的生物学过程与机制是科学评估土壤侵蚀是碳源或碳汇的关键环节。建议未来在以下三个方向开展工作：（1）以湖泊沉积物为地质载体研究历史时期气候变化与土壤侵蚀有着巨大发展和应用潜力,建议利用AMS 14C、137Cs和210Pb等多种定年手段,使用环境指示意义明确的代用指标,建立近千年高分辨率流域气候与侵蚀序列,研究十年至百年尺度气候变化与土壤侵蚀之间的关系;（2）流域版水蚀预报模型（WEPP）可能更适合小流域预测研究,在其实践应用过程中除规范标准小区的坡度和坡长之外,还应通过长期观测和试验确定不同气候区侵蚀性降雨阙值以计算降雨侵蚀力;（3）可以尝试采用定量稳定同位素探针技...