Effect of restaurant types on compensation claims for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in France

Objectives. The economic burden of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is industry specific. The objective was to analyse compensation claims for WMSDs among restaurant workers in France taking into account the type of restaurant. Methods. Data for 2014 were obtained from the French National Health Insurance Fund for Salaried Workers. A chi-square test was used to compare claims, incapacity and lost work day rates in different types of restaurant. Results. Prevalence for WMSDs differed significantly by the type of kitchen: collective restaurant (7.2/1000 workers), traditional restaurant (1.7/1000), and fast food restaurant (1.0/1000). There were more male claimants in traditional restaurant workers (51.0%) than in collective restaurant workers (40.1%) but more female claimants in collective restaurant workers (50.1%) than in traditional restaurant workers (39.4%). Permanent incapacity was significantly more prevalent in collective restaurant workers (49.6%), than in traditional (41.9%) and fast food (8.5%) restaurant workers. In collective restaurant workers, as a percentage, claims, permanent incapacity and lost work days increased with age range or work experience. Conclusions. Prevalence for WMSDs and therefore incapacity and lost work days are different according to the type of restaurant. Preventive strategies should take these differences into consideration.     

基于理论播种期的油葵花期雨害风险模型——以环渤海地区为例

随着环渤海盐碱地区油葵引种品种的不断增多,种植面积不断扩大,部分地区盲目引种现象时有发生,油葵开花期与雨季同期干扰花期授粉,严重影响了油葵产量。通过分析油葵播种期的关键因子（稳定通过10℃的初终日）30年的概率密度分布,并结合实际播期定义了理论播种期;在此基础上利用连续3 d降雨概率密度分布构建了花期雨害风险模型。应用此模型得到的环渤海地区早熟、中早熟、中晚熟油葵花期低雨害风险的适宜播种期与当地现实最佳播种期间存在较高的吻合度。研究可为农作物适宜播种期的选择及减轻灾害风险提供理论参考。     

2015—2020年全国重污染天变化趋势及时空分布特征分析

2015—2020年,全国重污染发生天数、比例及城市数量整体呈逐年下降趋势。与2015年相比,2020年全国337个地级及以上城市重污染天数减少1 847 d,降幅达55.2%;重污染天数比例下降1.6个百分点;发生过重污染天气的城市数量减少60个。其中,全国细颗粒物重污染天数整体呈下降趋势,沙尘重污染天数随气象条件的差异波动变化,臭氧重污染天数呈波动上升趋势。"十四五"期间,消除重污染天气的主要对象仍是细颗粒物重污染。应将天山北坡城市群、"2+26"城市、汾渭平原及苏皖鲁豫交界地区作为"十四五"期间污染减排的重点关注区域。此外,需遏制"2+26"城市臭氧重污染上升势头。