利用粉煤灰处理生活污水的初步研究

粉煤灰虽然是一种固体废弃物,但已广泛应用于污水处理.本实验以锅炉房燃煤产生的粉煤灰为原料进行对生活污水的处理实验,主要研究在不同填料层高度,粉煤灰在单次进水和循环进水的情况下对生活污水中COD的去除率的差异;以及对高浓度垃圾渗滤液进行处理的对比性实验.结果表明,污水中COD的去除率随粉煤灰填料层高度的增加而提高,并且对低浓度生活污水中的COD去除效果较好.     

大庆市城市生活垃圾卫生填埋处理现状分析与对策

城市生活垃圾的处置是环境保护的一个重大课题.目前世界上成熟的生活垃圾处置方法有卫生填埋法、焚烧法、堆肥法、热解制能法等,与资源回收相结合,形成立体的综合垃圾处置系统.单一的垃圾处置方式已经证明不符合"减量化"、"无害化"、"资源化"的垃圾处置原则.对大庆市城市生活垃圾的来源、产生量、物理特征以及处理现状进行了认真的研究与分析,提出了适合市情的措施与对策,以实现生活垃圾的无害化、资源化和减量化.     

黄土高原住区生活垃圾处理与资源化研究

以延安市为示范点对黄土高原住区生活垃圾的处理与资源化进行了研究。在对目前延安市生活垃圾特点和处理与资源化现状进行调查和分析的基础上 ,提出了以垃圾分类收集为关键 ,分别进行卫生填埋和焚烧的生活垃圾处理系统 ,并对卫生填埋和焚烧工艺的重要部分进行了设计     

思小高速公路高填深挖改桥隧方案的环境影响分析

结合思茅一小勐养高速公路沿线具体的自然环境，通过分析高填深挖路段的具体情况，对公路选线过程中遇到的高填深挖与桥梁、隧道方案的比选从生态设计的理念方面进行了具体的环境影响分析。得出该公路的高填深挖改桥梁、隧道方案能够有效地减小公路建设对西双版纳热带雨林区的牛态环境影响，较好的与周围的环境协调，与自然景观融为一体。     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场工艺设计及存在问题探讨

推广城市生活垃圾卫生填埋技术是迅速提高我国垃圾无害化处理率的有效办法。根据青铜峡市地理、水文等环境条件,以及该市垃圾组成成分的特点,设计了垃圾卫生填埋场的防渗处理系统,渗沥液收集处理系统和废气收集系统,并对设计中发现的问题进行分析,提出相应的建议,以期为类似地区、条件下垃圾卫生填埋场的设计和建设提供借鉴。     

Spatial Convergence in Major Dissolved Ion Concentrations and Implications of Headwater Mining for Downstream Water Quality

Spatial patterns in major dissolved solute concentrations were examined to better understand impact of surface coal mining in headwaters on downstream water chemistry. Sixty sites were sampled seasonally from 2012 to 2014 in an eastern Kentucky watershed. Watershed areas (WA) ranged from 1.6 to 400.5 km² and were mostly forested (58%–95%), but some drained as much as 31% surface mining. Measures of total dissolved solutes and most component ions were positively correlated with mining. Analytes showed strong convergent spatial patterns with high variability in headwaters (<15 km² WA) that stabilized downstream (WA > 75 km²), indicating hydrologic mixing primarily controls downstream values. Mean headwater solute concentrations were a good predictor of downstream values, with % differences ranging from 0.55% (Na⁺) to 28.78% (Mg²⁺). In a mined scenario where all headwaters had impacts, downstream solute concentrations roughly doubled. Alternatively, if mining impacts to headwaters were minimized, downstream solute concentrations better approximated the 300 μS/cm conductivity criterion deemed protective of aquatic life. Temporal variability also had convergent spatial patterns and mined streams were less variable due to unnaturally stable hydrology. The highly conserved nature of dissolved solutes from mining activities and lack of viable treatment options suggest forested, unmined watersheds would provide dilution that would be protective of downstream aquatic life.     

Microbiological indication of municipal solid waste landfill non-stabilization

Accidental collapse resulted from unstable factors is an important technological problem to be solved in sanitary landfill. Microbiological degradation of organic matters in landfilled solid waste are an important unstable factor. A landfill reactor was thus manufactured and installed to examine quantitative and population dynamics of microorganisms during degradation of landfilled solid waste. It was showed that unstable landfill can be reflected and indicated by microbiological features such as rapidly decreased growth amount of microorganisms, no detection of fungi and actinomyces, and changing the dominant population into methanogenic bacteria and Acinotobacter.     

垃圾填埋场营造人工植被的研究

采用３种不同栽培方式,受试木本植物１６种、草本植物９种,在垃圾填埋场进行营造人工植被的试验。结果表明,填埋场甲烷气是影响植物成活的主要因素。在填埋１－２年的废弃地上,栽培短周期生长植物全部成活,获得了预期效果。在埋龄１年的垃圾废弃地上不易种植长周期生长的木本植物,在埋龄２年的废弃地上,仍需采取覆盖６０ｃｍ土层阻断沼气等措施才能生长。筛选出抗性较好的植物枸杞、苦楝、紫穗槐、刺槐、白蜡树、女贞、苜蓿、     

Depressional runoff cascade networks of the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa

In this study, we develop a general mathematical framework and algorithm for routing cumulative precipitation excess through depressional fill–spill cascade networks in a landscape using only information about depression morphology, local contributing areas, and potential overland flow pathways. The framework also allows for the classification of depressions according to their landscape position within a network, and calculation of precipitation- and non-precipitation-dependent network properties, including measures of network complexity and runoff connectivity. To demonstrate its use, we applied our framework to the 167,287 drained depressions of the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa, a sub-region of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, over a large range of historically observed precipitation amounts for scenarios both neglecting and incorporating infiltration in runoff generation. Our results show that 85.3% of depressions in this region form 18,851 unique depressional runoff cascade networks, with the remainder being disjunct features. Most of the properties of the region's networks appear to conform to either a truncated power-law or lognormal distribution. For a given rainfall amount, surface runoff connectivity between depressions within networks, and between networks and off-network areas, is controlled primarily by available aggregate depressional volumetric storage and contributing area, and to a lesser degree, network complexity.     

序批式自动增氧型生活污水处理器的运行

设计一种序批式自动增氧型生活污水处理器,采用间歇运行方式,考察其对SS、COD、TN、TP的去除效果以及抗有机冲击负荷能力。结果表明,系统启动后,对SS、COD、TN、TP的去除率分别稳定在90%、80.9%、87.4%和88.4%以上;在一定范围内,处理器对有机冲击负荷有较强的适应性和稳定性,适合于生活污水的处理,具有一定的应用前景。