基于臭氧紫外协同在线检测水体COD的研究

提出了一种基于臭氧协同紫外(O3/UV)在线检测水体化学需氧量(COD)的方法,建立了以臭氧协同紫外的高级氧化体系对水样进行氧化消解,利用多个传感器信息组合来测定水体COD的方法,通过待测水样所消耗臭氧的量来计算出水样的COD.与传统的COD测定方法相比,具有操作简单方便、消解时间短、运行成本低、无需添加任何化学试剂、不会产生二次污染等优点,具有很好的推广应用价值.     

基于Zig Bee技术的压力传感器数据采集系统设计

介绍了一种基于无线传感器网络的高精度压力传感器数据采集系统的设计方法,将无线传感器网络的Zig Bee技术嵌入到系统的上位机和下位机中,实现了系统可在恶劣环境下的无线通信的需求,系统同时扩展了RS-485数字输出接口和4~20 m A模拟输出接口两种形式,增加了系统的适用性。在实际应用中该系统性能稳定可靠,传感器在常温情况下精度达到0.07%。     

兰姆波飞机结冰传感器的最佳工作模态研究

首先建立了兰姆波在覆盖冰层的无限大各向同性板中传播的波速方程。通过数值计算获得了在覆盖不同冰层厚度下薄板中兰姆波的色散曲线。接着绘制了在给定检测频率下兰姆波波速随厚度变化的关系曲线图,进一步提出了兰姆波飞机结冰检测过程中最佳模态的选取方法。研究结果表明冰层厚度与兰姆波波速之间存在对应关系,可以通过判断各阶模态的耦合情况来选取最佳检测模态。     

应用基于单克隆抗体的免疫传感器检测环境中的芘和苯并芘

多环芳烃是一类普遍存在的环境污染物,可以诱发癌症,对人们的健康造成严重威胁.本研究利用一种四环芳烃芘的衍生物作为半抗原,利用活泼酯法合成人工抗原免疫小鼠研制多环芳烃单克隆抗体.通过非竞争性ELISA与竞争性ELISA相结合的筛选方式得到一株单克隆抗体,命名为6A6.该抗体能特异性识别芘和苯并芘,其IC50值分别为8.1μg·L-1和6.8μg·L-1,对其他多环芳烃的交叉反应率均低于5%.在此基础上,建立了免疫传感器法对芘和苯并芘进行检测,线性范围为0.2~10.0μg·L-1.利用该方法对添加在水样中的样品进行回收,并与传统ELISA方法进行比对,结果证明传感器法检测更加快速且灵敏度更高.该方法可以用于含有芘和苯并芘的环境样品的快速筛选,可以在10 min内初步获得检测结果.     

对振动试验常见故障的分析及探讨

目的以电动振动台为例,对振动试验常见故障进行分析和探讨。方法从电动振动试验系统构成上着手,对振动试验系统在试验中常见的三种故障情况进行全面分析。结果给出了解决方案,考虑故障发生因素后,提出了科学合理的振动试验操作流程,以及进行振动试验时的相关建议。结论结合文中思路合理操作,可以降低振动台故障的发生几率,同时能提高试验质量、降低试验风险。     

北偏西大风对北京冬季生物气溶胶的影响

生物气溶胶对大气成云过程、生态系统演化和人体健康都有着重要的影响,目前对生物气溶胶浓度、组成和活性的变化规律认识不足.因此,在2013年1月和2015年1月在北京市清华大学校园内进行了采样和观测,以分析气象条件对生物气溶胶浓度和组成的影响.生物气溶胶浓度用生物气溶胶在线检测器WIBS-4A(waveband integrated bioaerosol sensor)测定,生物气溶胶中细菌群落的组成用16S rDNA测序的方法来测定.结果表明,北京冬季生物气溶胶数浓度范围在2~150 L~(-1).风是影响生物气溶胶的浓度和组成的重要因素.主导风向为北偏西30°,风速大于4 m·s-1的大风天气时,生物气溶胶的数浓度升高1个数量级,生物气溶胶中细菌群落的组成也发生急剧的变化.大风天气过后,生物气溶胶中细菌群落的组成缓慢恢复到大风前的状态.     

环境监测用多参数光纤化学传感技术研究

采用发光二极管、光导纤维和硅光电二级管检测器研制成可供环境水ｐＨ值和大气中ＳＯ２、ＮＨ３检测的光纤多参数传感系统．仪器对ｐＨ值的响应可低达００１ｐＨ，对水中ＮＨ４＋的检测限为２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＳＯ３２－的检测限为２×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；仪器体积小，可用电池供电、便于野外监测，检测准确、稳定，成本低廉．     

在役GIS内置特高频传感器校验方法研究

运行中的GIS内置传感器因其不易拆装,很难对其可靠性及有效性进行校验。根据GIS的结构特点以及特高频信号在GIS内的传输特点,提出一种对内置式特高频传感器的有效性进行校验的方法。通过在相邻传感器注入特高频信号并对信号幅值进行检测,通过检测及计算结果来判断特高频传感器的有效性,经现场验证,该方法简单有效。     

家用综合防盗系统

家用综合防盗系统从实际防护入手,根据门、窗(阳台)所处位置特点,独立防护,防护系统与控制系统用无线联系,便于隐蔽、安装灵活,根据防护实际需要可随意增、减独立防护装置;采用交直流电源转换电路,增强了抗破坏能力,是工薪族家庭防非法侵入的理想防护装置.本系统由雷达扫描、护窗口(阳台)无线电发射电路、微振动护门无线电发射电路、无线电接收中央控制、功放报警电路等五部分组成.     

Acceleration sensitivity of piezoelectric pressure sensors and the influence on the measurement of explosion pressures

To measure the explosion pressure inside an enclosure, it is common to install a piezoelectric pressure sensor in the enclosure wall. The pressure wave of the internal explosion inevitably leads to vibrations of the enclosure walls. This unwanted but naturally occurring motion is also transmitted to the pressure sensor mounted in the enclosure wall and results in inertial forces affecting the piezoelectric element. During the measurement of the explosion pressure, this affects the output signal of the pressure sensor since an undesired signal due to the acceleration of the pressure sensor is superimposed on the desired pressure signal. This behaviour of the sensor is described as acceleration sensitivity. The level of acceleration sensitivity depends on the type and construction design of the pressure sensor. Even though this sensor behaviour is basically not a new phenomenon, the evaluation of an international comparison between Ex testing laboratories in the field of flameproof enclosures has shown that the consideration of this issue is a major challenge in daily practice concerning the measurement of explosion pressures and is even often completely neglected.This work evaluates the behaviour of various piezoelectric pressure sensors with respect to the influence of acceleration and investigates the specific impact on the explosion pressure measurement in the field of flameproof enclosures. For this purpose, explosions from typically used explosive mixtures such as hydrogen, propane and ethyne in air are examined. These investigations involve simple model enclosures with various specifications as well as a commercially available equipment for hazardous areas. By using blind holes and specially designed adapters, a practical method is applied to be able to detect the effect of acceleration on the sensor signal separately from the pressure signal. For this purpose, both the discrete-time pressure curves and the frequency components are analysed using Fast Fourier Transform. The use of signal filters as a practical and fast approach to address these unwanted signal components is discussed and evaluated.This paper provides guidelines for typical end-users in the field of flameproof enclosures how to handle acceleration of piezoelectric pressure sensors and the influence on the measurement of explosion pressures correctly.