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991.
金川县境内的沙耳干河坝泥石流沟泥石流活动频繁,暴发频率属于中等。为了减少泥石流灾害的威胁和危害,进行现场踏勘,开展泥石流的治理工程研究,具有重要意义。拦砂坝、谷坊坝、单侧防护堤、排导槽和导流堤等工程对泥石流的预防与治理具有显著作用,采用多种措施相结合的方式相对于单一措施更为有效。在治理工程的建设过程中可能引发相应的环境问题,对其中影响较大的水土流失问题提出防治措施,并进行可行性研究,同时提出实施建议。 相似文献
992.
Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils? 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level
of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of
hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot
experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the
treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake
was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced
markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP,
SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on
the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be
used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils. 相似文献
993.
DUAN Jinming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(1):30-34
Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known
forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek
(DLVO) theory. Moreover, advances in modern instrumentation and colloid science suggested that some short-ranged forces or structure
forces are important for relevant colloidal systems. The interfacial and/or molecular forces can be measured as a resultant force as
function of separation distance by atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloid probe. This article presents a discussion on AFM colloid
probe measurement of silica particle and silica wafer surfaces in solutions with some technical notifications in measurement and data
convolution mechanisms. The measured forces are then analyzed and discussed based on the ‘constant charge’ and ‘constant potential’
models of DLVO theory. The di erence between the prediction of DLVO theory and the measured results indicates that there is a strong
short-range structure force between the two hydrophilic surfaces, even at extremely low ionic concentration, such as Milli-Q water
purity solution. 相似文献
994.
Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy
metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure
of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings
under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0,
100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T.
latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the
amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio
of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs)
was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and
methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and
fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in
rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively. 相似文献
995.
SAIDI Neyla KOUKI Soulwene M' HIRI Fadhel JEDIDI Naceur MAHROUK Meriam HASSEN Abdennaceur OUZARI Hadda 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1452-1458
The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH4+-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO2-C < 2000 mg CO2-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes. 相似文献
996.
植被恢复对矸石山生态环境效应影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以兴隆庄煤矿绿化矸石山和裸露矸石山为研究对象,研究了植被恢复对矸石山生态环境效应的影响.结果表明,植被的恢复重建了矸石山生态系统,改善了矸石山生态环境:气温平均降低3.7℃、空气相对湿度提高了7.1%,矸石山近地层SO2、NOx和TSP粉尘日均浓度分别降低了0.1471 mg/m3,0.0004 mg/m3 0.0389 Mg/m3矸石山植被的恢复增加了矸石山土壤比重,降低了土壤容重、提高了土壤有机质含量. 相似文献
997.
998.
土壤中硫的形态分析及其测定方法研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对土壤中硫的形态分析与测定方法,从无机硫,有机硫,总硫,以及硫的系统分析方法,硫的检测几个方面进行了综述,对各种方法进行了客观的评价,指出了尚待于解决的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
999.
1000.
钼矿区农业土壤重金属污染调查与评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用单因子污染指数法和多因子综合指数法对葫芦岛市钼矿区的农业土壤重金属污染情况进行评价。评价结果,土壤的主要污染因子为Zn、Cd和Mo,土壤环境质量属严重污染,建议对污染土壤进一步做适宜性评价,采取合理有效的利用保护开发途径。 相似文献