Multimedia model of atrazine in plant-soil-groundwater system with a fugacity approach

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Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

土壤环境容量数学模型——Ⅰ.土壤污染动力学模型

应用物质平衡原理,导出模拟土壤污染过程的动力学方程.可用于估算土壤环境容量、分析土壤污染动态和预测土壤超容年限.以测定残留率为基础的一类模型是本文提出的模型的一个特例.     

Effect of acid precipitation on leaching of nutritionsand aluminium from forest soils

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Improvement of the antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

不同地域天然伊利石表面酸碱特性的比较

利用电位滴定技术和恒定容量表面络合模式表征不同来源天然伊利石的表面酸碱性质。鉴于固体基质在酸量滴定过程中发生溶解，相应的滴定上清液被视为体系空白。考虑到水解铝、硅酸和伊利石表面活性位之间的表面络合或沉淀反应，提出两种表面质子反应模型。对其中的特例，还考虑了表面离子交换反应。模拟程序的拟合结果显示两种模型对水解伊利石体系的滴定行为均可获得满意的描述。相的的表面固有酸度常数表明样品的酸碱性质之间存在一些共性。     

再论含金硫化物矿物中能否存在负价金问题──答李九玲等同志

本文从讨论金属结合能何以具有表面化学位移的原因开始,从金属团簇的一般性质出发,论证了金属结合能自尺寸大于1nm的团簇到金属微粒再到块体金属具有连续过渡性;金属结合能与粒径R呈正相关;与1／R具线性负相关关系,认为金微粒或团簇具有1．1eV以上的结合能负位移是可能的。并指出李九玲等同志在“评<含金硫化物矿物中不可能存在负价金>”一文中引用的某些衬底材料上的金团簇呈现结合能正位移的数据是由于这些金困簇已与其衬底材料发生了键合作用造成的,它们不能作为否定金属结合能位移与粒径呈正相关的依据。同时,笔者从“化学结合金”在氰化过程中并未被氧化成正离子金判断,它不应是负价金。并由同质并能位移与粒径可具负相关关系推论,“化学结合金”应是合企硫化物矿物中可存在的少量微粒碲金矿、碲金银矿等中的正离子金。笔者强调在讨论企的价态问题时应采用Allred－Rochow电负性数据而非常用的Pauling电负性数据,并再次指出含金硫化物矿物中不可能有负价金存在。     

生物质炭对Cd污染土壤团聚体酶活性的影响

为探究生物质炭对Cd污染土壤团聚体酶活性的影响,采用盆栽试验,向模拟Cd污染土壤中添加生物质炭并测定水稻根际土壤团聚体碳循环酶与氧化还原酶活性.结果表明:Cd污染土壤团聚体酶活性对添加量为2.5%的生物质炭响应明显,氧化还原酶活性指数值介于0.522~0.792之间.在2.5mg/kg的外源Cd条件下,2.5%的生物质炭比未添加生物质炭处理显著提高蛋白酶与过氧化氢酶活性至121%与653%.在Cd污染土壤中添加生物质炭,碳循环酶与氧化还原酶及综合酶活性均在0.5~1mm中等粒径土壤团聚体中产生富集效应,其酶活性随土壤团聚体粒径的增大呈先升后降最终趋于稳定的趋势.研究显示,在2.5mg/kg的外源Cd条件下,添加2.5%的生物质炭对水稻根际土壤团聚体酶活性影响显著,土壤酶活性受酶种类、生物质炭量与团聚体粒径的综合影响;在Cd污染土壤中添加生物质炭后,土壤酶活性随团聚体粒径的增大呈“∧”形变动规律.     

川西北草原土壤硼、锰丰缺状况初探

根据110余个表层土壤样品硼、锰含量的测定结果和土壤缺乏硼、锰的临界值指标,探究了川西北草原土壤中硼、锰的有效性及其丰缺状况.结果表明,本区土壤中全硼全锰含量丰富分别达166.0ppm和736.6ppm,但有效硼和锰的含量仅分别为0.45ppm和5.11ppm,土壤缺乏硼和锰比较普遍.为该区推广施用硼、锰微肥提供了初步的科学依据.     

土壤中总硒与水溶性硒相关性的环境因素

通过对湖北省部分地区土壤中总硒与水溶性硒的调查研究，分析土壤中总硒与水溶性硒的相关性与自然环境因素的关系。从而探讨导致缺硒和富硒疾病的成因。