利用Ethanoligenens harbinense R3连续培养的CSTR的启动与运行

采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)为实验装置,探讨了利用新型发酵产氢菌R3的生物制氢反应器的启动与运行情况.实验表明,维持反应器内pH在4.5左右、COD启动值为6000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间为8 h等条件,可在30 d内完成反应器内菌种对环境的适应并进入稳定运行阶段,此时系统氧化还原电位(HRT)稳定在-400mV左右.系统内的液相末端发酵产物中乙醇含量最大,占发酵产物总含量的65%,乙醇和乙酸所占比例为95%,系统呈现明显的乙醇型发酵特性.启动和运行阶段的积累产氢量为399.33 L,最大产氢量达15768.8 mL·d-1,最大氢气产率为49.94%.有机氮源可被微生物利用而无机氮源对产氢并无太大影响.使用有机氮源和磷源时积累产气量、积累产氢量和发酵液相末端产物与空白对照相比有所增大.     

餐厨垃圾厌氧干发酵处理产甲烷潜力及动力学研究

研究采用中温厌氧干发酵反应器,针对餐厨垃圾厌氧干发酵过程中p H,VFA,COD和产气量的变化,结合修正Gompertz方程分析厌氧干发酵产甲烷的动力学过程。在中温厌氧干发酵系统负荷和初始条件下,分析厌氧干发酵产甲烷过程变化,建立厌氧干发酵产甲烷模型,对其预测和试验验证及误差进行分析。结果表明,在中温厌氧干发酵过程中p H先下降后上升,VFA浓度先增加后减少,COD去除率保持在76.02%~90.28%之间;修正Gompertz动力学模型,可以较好地分析餐厨垃圾厌氧干发酵产甲烷过程(决定系数R~20.99),经拟合,具有较高的产甲烷能力,且与试验结果显著相关;在检验水平a=0.05条件下,其方差分析的P值为0.938,大于0.05的显著性,表明模型能较好地预测厌氧干发酵累积产甲烷量。     

常温厌氧污泥消化的停留时间分析

通过对25℃下城市污泥常温厌氧消化过程的产气率、pH值、挥发酸、有机物分解率、消化速度常数等的测定,引入“微生物污泥（ActiveBiologicalSolids）”概念,进行了常温厌氧消化过程的动力学分析。结果表明,常温消化的反应速度、产气率、有机物分解率均明显低于高、中温消化。为获得同一程度的产气率和有机物分解率,常温消化需150天以上的停留时间,而中、高温则为12～30天。常温污泥消化的基质浓度与消化速度关系不同于合成基质,呈S型,可采用Moser模型模拟其动力学过程;n＝2时所得各项动力学常数及最小消化时间可用于常温厌氧消化过程的控制。     

溜曲霉固态发酵葵花盘生产蛋白饲料研究

以葵花盘为原料,利用溜曲霉 Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｔａｍａｒｉｉ Ｎｏ．８２７ 菌株,进行直接固态发酵生产微生物蛋白饲料研究．在组成为（ ｗ／ ％ ） ：葵花盘１８ ,硫酸铵１ ．８ ,磷酸氢二钠０ ．４ ,磷酸二氢钾０ ．０６ ,相对湿度８２ ％ 的发酵培养基中,θ＝ （３４ ±１） ℃,固态培养７２ ｈ ,产物粗蛋白含量（ ｗ） 由７ ．８ ％ 增加至２４ ．２８ ％ ,产物收率大于５３ ％ ．认为该结果为合理利用农业纤维类废弃物,开发用途广泛的生物蛋白资源提供了一条可行的工艺路线     

利用酒糟生产饲料蛋白的菌种选育

为了提高酒糟蛋白质的含量和粗纤维的降解,本研究选菌种３０株,以白酒糟为原料筛选出优质饲料蛋白菌株８５０２,８５０３和８５０５三株。用微生物液体发酵法,经研究发现,以８５０３和８５０５组成的多菌发酵体系,使酒糟初始蛋白含量由２３．０％。     

复合菌种协同发酵酒糟生产饲料蛋白研究

以笔者选育的８５０３和８５０５复合菌种为试验菌,以白酒糟为原料,经最适试验,确定最优条件为：培养温度３０．０℃,初始ＰＨ５．５,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４添加量为５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,投料量１０％,接种量５－１０％,发酵期限５ｄ,在最适条件试验的基础上,进行了５Ｌ发酵罐试验,发酵产物粗蛋白质含量由２３．７５％提高到３５．７５％,提高了１１．００％,其中真蛋白质提高１０．３４％,粗纤维降低了２．０５％,氨基酸总量由     

Low-temperature caproate production,microbial diversity,and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

● Converting xylose to caproate under a low temperature of 20 °C by MCF was verified. ● Final concentration of caproate from xylose in a batch reactor reached 1.6 g/L. ● Changing the substrate to ethanol did not notably increase the caproate production. ● Four genera, including Bifidobacterium , were revealed as caproate producers. ● The FAB pathway and incomplete RBO pathway were revealed via metagenomic analysis. Mixed culture fermentation (MCF) is challenged by the unqualified activity of enriched bacteria and unwanted methane dissolution under low temperatures. In this work, caproate production from xylose was investigated by MCF at a low temperature (20 °C). The results showed that a 9 d long hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a continuously stirred tank reactor was necessary for caproate production (~0.3 g/L, equal to 0.6 g COD/L) from xylose (10 g/L). The caproate concentration in the batch mode was further increased to 1.6 g/L. However, changing the substrate to ethanol did not promote caproate production, resulting in ~1.0 g/L after 45 d of operation. Four genera, Bifidobacterium, Caproiciproducens, Actinomyces, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, were identified as the enriched caproate-producing bacteria. The enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway for caproate production were identified via metagenomic analysis. The enzymes for the conversion of (C_n+2)-2,3-Dehydroxyacyl-CoA to (C_n+2)-Acyl-CoA (i.e., EC 1.3.1.8 and EC 1.3.1.38) in the reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway were not identified. These results could extend the understanding of low-temperature caproate production.     

The role of lipids in fermentative propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipid and food waste

● Lipid can promote PA production on a target from food waste. ● PA productivity reached 6.23 g/(L∙d) from co-fermentation of lipid and food waste. ● Lipid promoted the hydrolysis and utilization of protein in food waste. ● Prevotella , Veillonella and norank _f _Propioni bacteriaceae were enriched. ● Main pathway of PA production was the succinate pathway. Food waste (FW) is a promising renewable low-cost biomass substrate for enhancing the economic feasibility of fermentative propionate production. Although lipids, a common component of food waste, can be used as a carbon source to enhance the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during co-fermentation, few studies have evaluated the potential for directional propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipids and FW. In this study, co-fermentation experiments were conducted using different combinations of lipids and FW for VFA production. The contributions of lipids and FW to propionate production, hydrolysis of substrates, and microbial composition during co-fermentation were evaluated. The results revealed that lipids shifted the fermentation type of FW from butyric to propionic acid fermentation. Based on the estimated propionate production kinetic parameters, the maximum propionate productivity increased significantly with an increase in lipid content, reaching 6.23 g propionate/(L∙d) at a lipid content of 50%. Propionate-producing bacteria Prevotella, Veillonella, and norank_f_Propionibacteriaceae were enriched in the presence of lipids, and the succinate pathway was identified as a prominent fermentation route for propionate production. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotation revealed that the expression of functional genes associated with amino acid metabolism was enhanced by the presence of lipids. Collectively, these findings will contribute to gaining a better understanding of targeted propionate production from FW.     

热-碱处理污泥与木耳菌糠共发酵产酸性能的研究

为克服单一剩余活性污泥(WAS)发酵产酸效率低的问题和资源化利用废弃木耳菌糠(SMS),本文对热-碱预处理污泥(PWS)和菌糠进行共发酵,研究预处理和菌糠添加对共发酵体系的产酸性能影响.试验基于原料的总固体含量(TS)共设置6个处理,分别为污泥(WAS∶SMS=1∶0)、预处理污泥(PWS∶SMS=1∶0)、菌糠(PW...     

采用络合萃取法从维生素B12发酵废液中回收丙酸

采用络合萃取法回收维生素B12发酵废液中的丙酸,确定了络合萃取的最佳工艺条件：以0．5mol／L的磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,油水比(体积比)为1：2,常温下萃取30min。在最佳工艺条件下单级萃取率为56％左右,四级萃取率可达98％以上。络合萃取过程中使用的有机溶剂可反复使用,使成本大大降低。