矿山法双线地铁施工仿真及地表沉降数值分析

研究了左右双线矿山法隧道施工时的短期地面沉降。采用矿山法进行双线掘进,两隧道中心距13.2m,V级围岩CRD法进行施工,两侧隧道断面对称开挖。使用FLAC3D进行沉降分析,该软件能模拟地下隧道的掘进、支护和掌子面支护等。针对某地地质特征进行预测,这些特征是决定地面沉降量的关键因素。通过模拟左右双隧道对称掘进施工的暗挖隧道施工过程,得到了施工时的地面沉降规律,即沉降可分为两个阶段,且第一阶段沉降大于第二阶段沉降。最终为在市内建筑物密集区域修建地铁隧道提供安全可行的方法。     

基于理想点法的邻近基坑高层建筑安全性评价

为更加准确地评价紧邻基坑高层建筑物的安全状况,综合考虑了建筑物稳定性、基坑与建筑之间土体扰动程度和建筑物地基抗扰动能力三方面因素,采用相关系数法选取14个评价指标,构建建筑物安全评价模型。并通过变异系数法和AHP确定各评价指标融合权重,最后采用理想点法对某紧邻基坑的高层建筑物进行安全评价。结果表明,该模型可以有效判断邻近深基坑高层建筑物的安全等级,其评判结果与工程实际相符     

电梯电动机运转时间限制器检验新方法的探讨

随着电梯的广泛使用,钢丝绳断丝、断股导致的事故时有发生,电梯电动机运转时间限制器的重要性越来越凸显出来。针对电梯电动机运转时间限制器落后的检验现状,根据实际现场检验经验,通过分析电梯的控制原理,总结了一种新的检验方法,该方法安全性高,实用性强,操作方便。     

二次有机气溶胶估算方法研究进展

我国区域复合污染日趋严重,二次有机气溶胶(SOA)是细颗粒物PM2.5的重要组成之一.本研究总结了当前国内外定量估算SOA的主要方法,包括EC示踪法、WSOC法、受体模型法、示踪物产率法、数值模拟法等.通过对各种方法的原理介绍与比较,指出1)EC示踪法、WSOC法、受体模型法简单易行,与在线连续观测数据结合可估算高时间分辨率的SOA浓度,但受限于对当地源谱和特定物种的了解;2)示踪物产率法虽分析技术难度高,但可针对不同来源的SOA估算;3)数值模拟可获得大尺度SOA的空间分布.针对国内外的最新研究成果进行简单概述,不同方法的研究表明中国二次有机气溶胶是总有机气溶胶的重要部分,人为源VOCs对二次有机气溶胶发挥着重要贡献.本文旨在为未来我国二次有机气溶胶的研究提供基础信息和研究思路.     

基于国内水泥生产现状的碳排放因子测算

水泥生产过程中碳排放因子的测算是计算水泥碳排放量的基础,为了准确测算我国水泥行业熟料煅烧阶段碳酸盐矿物分解释放CO2的碳排放因子,就需要对水泥生产线上相关样品做成分测定和综合分析.通过对国内近百条代表性较强的水泥生产线上的生料、熟料、水泥、石灰石、燃煤等样品进行钙、镁、烧失量、碳酸盐等化学成分的定量分析,并考虑新型干法窑和立窑两种生产工艺类型的差别,分析测算了基于国内水泥生产的工艺碳排放因子.结果表明:生料碳酸盐法测算碳排放因子的结果较熟料法的结果低约10kgCO2/tcl;不同窑型的碳排放因子存在明显差异,新型干法窑的碳排放因子多集中在500~520kgCO2/tcl,立窑碳排放因子多集中在480~500kgCO2/tcl;多数熟料含有少量碳酸盐.生料碳酸盐法不涉及燃煤灰分的化学成分,可以规避燃煤灰分成分的影响,测算碳排放因子采用生料碳酸盐法较准确,并且应基于不同窑型,同时考虑碳酸盐分解率问题.     

Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

An extension of Multiple Greek Letter method for common cause failures modelling

Common cause failure describes a condition where several components share the same source of failure that causes them to fail or become unavailable simultaneously. The objective of this paper is to present an improved approach to common cause failure modelling within reliability analyses. The currently used methods allow one component to share common characteristics with only one group of components, which may be affected by the same source of failure. Therefore, an improved method was developed, where components can be assigned to several groups of components that are susceptible to faulty operation with respect to their similar characteristics. A mathematical derivation of the method is presented and the theory is applied to smaller theoretical samples and to a simplified real example. The results show that the new method enables a more detailed reliability analysis. The results prove that consideration of common cause failures using the improved method may decrease the system reliability compared to traditional common cause failure consideration. The system reliability decreases more, if the redundant components have more similarities and are therefore assigned to several common cause failure groups.     

大气环境质量灰色聚类关联分析法的应用研究

在讨论大气环境质量灰色聚类关联评价法的基础上,通过应用实例和与灰色聚类法及灰色关联法的比较分析,验证了这种评价法的合理性和可靠性。     

一种改进的灰关联分析法在水质评价中的应用

灰关联分析法已被广泛应用于水质评价结论的定量化,但其存在不同层次上的缺陷;为此本文对其进行了改进.先将各断面的多个污染指标分成几个低层次子集,将其元素归一化后得出相应的关联系数,通过赋予一定权重求出低层次子集的关联度,最后求出较高层次的关联度,并列出关联系数矩阵.这样可以容易地看出各断面水质属于哪个级别.此外,通过一应用实例并与现已流行的众多灰关联改进方法进行了比较,论证了这种改进方法的优越性.     

环氧乙烷生产装置的安全分析与评价

综合运用道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法,事故树分析以及事件树分析对环氧乙烷生产装置进行安全评价,定量地得出装置的危险程度,定性地分析了各危险因素的大小以及系统中各元件的故障率对事故发生概率的影响程度,并提出了改进措施.结果表明,该装置的危险程度很大,必须加强安全生产管理,采取有效措施控制氧气的浓度,从而降低危险性等级,保证生产安全.