Exposure Programme on Atmospheric Corrosion Effects of Acidifying Pollutants in Tropical and Subtropical Climates

Many national exposure programmes have been performed in tropical and subtropical climates during the last 50 years. However, ambitious programmes involving more than a few countries are scarce. In this paper a recently formed network of test sites is described involving 12 test sites in Asia (India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and China including Hong Kong) and four test sites in Africa (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This effort is part of the 2001–2004 Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) funded Programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC). Corrosion attack after one (2002–2003) year of exposure (carbon steel, zinc, copper, limestone and paint coated steel) are presented together with environmental data (SO₂, NO₂, HNO₃, O₃, particles, amount and pH of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity) for all the test sites. The obtained corrosion values are substantially higher than expected for limestone, higher than expected for carbon steel and lower than expected for zinc compared to values calculated using the best available dose–response functions.     

钢渣吸附Pb2+的动力学研究

采用批式振荡吸附法研究了钢渣吸附Pb^2＋的动力学。研究结果表明,钢渣吸附Pb^2＋的动力学控制步骤（简称动力学控制步骤）随实验条件的变化而变化：钢渣粒径大于120μm、振荡器转速小于150r/min或Pb^2＋初始质量浓度小于150mg/L时,孔扩散是动力学控制步骤;钢渣粒径小于120μm、振荡器转速大于150r/min或Pb^2＋初始质量浓度大于150mg/L时,表面扩散是动力学控制步骤;钢渣对Pb^2＋的吸附反应是二级反应,其吸附速率为13.26g/（mg.min）。     

用烧结法从沸腾炉渣中提取铝和铁的研究

把沸腾炉渣和石灰及精煤混合制成小球,然后在大约1 000 ℃下烧结.取不同烧结时间的样品用硫酸浸取,得到含有铝离子和铁离子的溶液.试验表明,采用浓度为4 mol/l的硫酸,在80 ℃下浸取烧结球样品(50%沸腾炉渣∶40%精煤∶10%石灰)24 h,可以得到铝和铁的最大提取率,分别为86.50%和94.60%.滤渣可以作为固化材料用于高速公路的路基建设或水泥生产中的添加剂.     

Technological improvements in automotive battery recycling

Recycling of automotive batteries for the recovery of secondary lead is extremely important in Brazil, for the country does not possess large reserves of this metal. Lead is one of the most widely used metals in the world, but it is highly toxic, posing risks for humans and for the environment if not utilized or treated adequately. Industrial waste containing lead in Brazil are classified by the Brazilian Residue Code (NBR—10004:2004) as hazardous. The lead recycling process employed by the recycling industry in Brazil is the pyrometallurgical process in a rotary furnace. This process consists of four stages: (1) grinding of the battery to separate plastic, electrolyte and lead plates; (2) lead reduction in a rotary furnace; (3) separation of metallic lead from slag; and (4) refining of recycled lead. The purpose of this work is to propose process improvements aimed primarily at increasing production output by reducing the loss of lead in slag and particulates, thereby providing a healthier work environment in line with Brazilian environmental and labor laws.     

节能减排 实现钢铁企业可持续发展

通过对钢铁行业消耗水资源及产生污染情况进行分析，阐述了目前钢铁行业为节能减排而采取的管理、技术、污染治理措施，以达到减少废水外排量、降低污染物浓度、降低新水消耗的目的，对钢铁行业废水回用中尚存和潜在的工艺、设计问题进行了讨论，同时提出了通过清洁生产、优化工艺结构来解决问题的措施和建议，确立了企业近期和长期的节能减排任务目标。     

Influence of the oxide content on the ignition energies of aluminium powders

Some results of determination of ignition energies for an aluminium powder with various oxide contents are presented. Common use of processes like high-speed cutting produce explosive dust clouds, so that we focused this study on hazard of metallic powders. An industrial aluminium powder has been used for this work. An original process, based on the principle of electrochemical anodisation, has been developed to increase, under control, the oxide coating of particles.

The sensitivity study to spark ignition was performed in an Hartmann explosion tube of 1.3L. The Langlie test method was applied to evaluate the energies leading to a probability of ignition of 50% (E₅₀) of the selected samples. The results confirm that the ignition energies increase with the oxide content of the powder.     

核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb2＋的吸附

实验通过间歇吸附方式研究了核桃壳粉对水溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附特性，探讨了核桃壳粉粒径及用量、溶液pH、Pb^2＋初始浓度等参数对吸附的影响，并讨论了吸附过程的热力学和动力学特征。结果表明，核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋吸附的最佳pH为5．0，去除率随吸附剂粒径的减小、用量的增加、Pb^2＋初始浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下，0～0．3mm15g／L的吸附剂在298K时，对pH=5的50mL50mg／LPb^2＋溶液的去除率达96．98％。核桃壳粉对Pb^2＋的吸附等温线符合Sips模型，在283、293和303K的最大吸附量分别为18．25、18．27和20．94mg／g。吸附过程是放热的、混乱度减小的自发过程，且符合准二级动力学模型。吸附速率常数随温度升高而减小，在293和303K时分别在90和120min基本达到平衡。结合FTIR和SEM手段发现核桃壳对Pb^2＋的吸附以物理吸附为主，同时包括离子交换、螯合等化学吸附以及颗粒内扩散步骤，是一个复杂的过程。     

日本钢铁工业发展循环经济简介

介绍日本钢铁工业发展循环经济的实践经验和主要做法，与之相比，指出我国钢铁工业发展循环经济存在的差距，并提出我国钢铁工业依法率先发展循环经济应采取的主要措施。     

单体米黄大理石矿粉对小麦产量及各器官重金属含量的影响

采用盆栽法,研究大理石矿粉对小麦产量及对成熟期小麦根、茎叶、果实中重金属含量的影响。结果表明:添加大理石矿粉会显著影响小麦的生长及产量(P<0.05),添加矿粉的量不大于60g/kg时,小麦的结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量随添加量的增加而增加,而含量再继续增大时,对小麦产量的促进作用将减弱;低含量的大理石矿粉能缓解Pb、Cu、Zn对小麦的毒害,而高含量的对小麦的影响各异,小麦各器官中重金属Cd、Cr与添加大理石矿粉含量呈显著正相关;重金属对小麦各器官的影响排序,根:Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>Zn,茎叶:Cd>Cr>Cu>Pb>Zn,果实:Cd>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu。在大理石开采区应该采取一定的措施,避免大量的大理石矿粉散入周围的耕地。     

施用钢渣对水稻土硅素肥力的影响

施用钢渣种植水稻的盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,施用钢渣使土壤pH升高,土壤水溶态硅和无定形硅的含量下降,活性硅及有效硅含量上升,水稻植株含硅量增加.除水溶态硅外,上述影响均随钢渣用量增加或粒度变细而增强.