潜流湿地中植物对脱氮除磷效果的影响中试研究

通过潜流湿地的中试,研究了芦苇和茭草在潜流湿地中的氮磷吸收量变化,植物收割对系统的影响以及植物对改善系统流态的作用.结果表明,依靠收割植物去除氮磷是不显著的,氮磷吸收量占去除量在5%左右.同时证明植物在进入冬季前开始出现释放氮磷现象,最佳收割期应该在9～10月份.植物对维持根系周围微生态环境起着重要的作用,收割会导致系统出水水质的波动.流态试验表明,植物根系能够改善系统的流态,植物床较空白床死区率减少5%～10%,增加系统的空间利用率,延长系统的水力停留时间.     

基于光谱技术的土壤多参数快速检测进展与展望

传统的土壤采样和实验室分析方法往往工作量大、前处理复杂、测定周期长、时效差、费用高,因此,迫切需要寻找快速、准确的土壤多参数检测方法,以实现多尺度土壤属性数据的快速获取与更新。系统梳理了便携式X射线荧光光谱(PXRF)、可见光-近红外反射光谱(Vis-NIR)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和电弧发射光谱(AES)等光谱技术的原理、特点以及在土壤多参数快速检测中的应用及其研究进展。提出,未来在提高现有土壤多参数光谱检测精度和适用性的基础上,应结合ICP-MS等传统实验室方法,综合应用多种光谱技术以及化学计量学、现代信息技术和空间分析技术等,实现区域多种土壤属性的快速获取与实时监测,以满足我国当前土壤多参数、高精度快速检测及土壤质量精细化管理的需要。     

基于实测光谱的海河悬浮物浓度反演研究

悬浮物浓度是评价水质优劣的重要指标之一。以天津滨海新区海河为研究区域,进行光谱数据测量和水体样本采集,并在实验室进行水质参数提取,得到归一化光谱反射率和光谱一阶微分数据。然后对光谱测量数据和悬浮物浓度实测值进行相关性分析,发现896 nm归一化光谱反射率和光谱反射率比值(R_(896)/R_(546))与悬浮物浓度相关性较好。最后,分别建立单波段、波段比值和一阶微分函数拟合模型,进行对比分析。结果表明,基于R_(896)/R_(546)的二次多项式模型拟合效果最好,方差齐性检验(F)值也是最高的,可用于该地区水体的悬浮物浓度反演和预测。     

Determination of soil content in chlordecone (organochlorine pesticide) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)

Chlordecone is a toxic organochlorine insecticide that was used in banana plantations until 1993 in the French West Indies. This study aimed at assessing the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining chlordecone content in Andosols, Nitisols and Ferralsols from Martinique. Using partial least square regression, chlordecone content conventionally determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry could be correctly predicted by NIRS (Q² = 0.75, R² = 0.82 for the total set), especially for samples with chlordecone content <12 mg kg⁻¹ or when the sample set was rather homogeneous (Q² = 0.91, R² = 0.82 for the Andosols). Conventional measures and NIRS predictions were poorly correlated for chlordecone content >12 mg kg⁻¹, nevertheless ca. 80% samples were correctly predicted when the set was divided into three or four classes of chlordecone content. Thus NIRS could be considered a time- and cost-effective method for characterising soil contamination by chlordecone.     

基于稀疏表达的水体遥感反射率高光谱重构及其应用

高光谱重构技术可以有效地突破多光谱卫星传感器波段设置的限制,获得更多更有效的地物光谱信息.本研究基于稀疏表达方法提出了一种针对水体遥感反射率的高光谱重构算法,以太湖、杭州湾的原位水体光谱数据为数据源,在5种常用水色传感器(Sentinel-2A MSI、MERIS、MODIS Aqua、GOCI以及ⅦRS)上进行了高光谱重构实验,最后将该算法应用于GOCI数据,进行了算法适用性验证.结果表明:(1)基于稀疏表达的高光谱重构算法可以在不利用实测光谱数据的情况下实现高光谱重构,光谱重构精度高于多元回归光谱重构算法;(2)基于稀疏表达的高光谱重构算法在5种水色传感器上都取得了较好的效果,平均相对误差均在10%以下,均方根误差均在0.005 sr-1以下;(3)相比于原始GOCI多光谱数据,经稀疏表达高光谱重构后的GOCI数据在叶绿素a浓度和总悬浮物浓度估算精度上有不同程度提升.其中对叶绿素a浓度估算而言,平均相对误差从80.6%减少至51.5%,均方根误差从12.175μg·L~(-1)减少至7.125μg·L~(-1);对悬浮物浓度估算而言,平均相对误差从19.1%减少至18.8%,均方根误差从29.048 mg·L~(-1)减少至28.596 mg·L~(-1).     

铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻和谷皮菱形藻在低光照度下的生长研究

实验研究了铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻和谷皮菱形藻在75～1 200lx光照度下的生长情况.实验结果表明光照度为600lx以下时,3种藻都受到了光的抑制作用,生长缓慢;光照度为600～1 200lx时,3种藻的生物量随光照度的增加均有不同程度的增加,其中增加最显著的是谷皮菱形藻,其次才是铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻.     

烃源岩成熟度评价指标及选取

烃源岩成熟度评价是油气地质勘探中一项重要工作。作者以表格形式概括了烃源岩有机质成熟度评价指标。考虑到源岩有机质性质及岩性对成熟度评价的影响,除了选用镜质体反射率之外,在反射率受抑制和缺之镜质体的情况下,也应开展多方面研究。     

Surface solar ultraviolet radiation: A theoretical approach of the SUVR reaching the ground in Athens, Greece

Daily total ozone observations made during 1985–1993 by both the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) flown on the Satellite Nimbus-7 and the Dobson Spectrophotometer have been used in order to investigate the fluctuations of the daily broad-band and spectral solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground. This investigation has been performed by employing a recently developed parametric algorithm for the estimation of the spectral and broad-band solar ultraviolet radiation which takes the total ozone variations into consideration. Total ozone reductions during the summertime from 1985 to 1993 over Athens, Greece (37.6° N, 23.4° E), cause an increase in the ultraviolet irradiance which reaches the ground of 0.54 %, 0.98 %, 2.60 % and 0.79 % per decade for the months of July at 300 nm, 312 nm, 320 nm and UVB (280-320 nm), respectively.     

Quantitative assessment of tidal wetlands using remote sensing

Effective management of tidal wetlands requires periodic data on the boundaries, extent, and condition of the wetlands. In many states, wetlands are defined wholly, or in combination with other criteria, by the presence of particular emergent halophytic plants. Many important characteristics of the wetlands ecosystem are related directly to the production of emergent plant material or may be inferred from knowledge of the distribution of emergent plant species. Remote-sensing techniques have been applied to mapping of the distribution of wetland vegetation but not to quantitative evaluation of the condition of that vegetation.Recent research in the tidal wetlands of Delaware and elsewhere has shown that spectral canopy reflectance properties can be quantitatively related to the emergent green biomass ofSpartina alterniflora (salt marsh cord grass) throughout the peak growing season (April through September, in Delaware). Periodic measurements of this parameter could be applied to calculations of net aerial primary productivity for large areas ofS. alterniflora marsh in which conventional harvest techniques may be prohibitively time consuming. The method is species specific and, therefore, requires accurate discrimination ofS. alterniflora from other vegetation types. Observed seasonal changes in species spectral signatures are shown to have potential for improving multispectral categorization of tidal wetland vegetation types.     

浅析泥石流堆积物的光谱特征——以蒋家沟泥石流堆积物为例

运用 10 0 BXMTS野外光谱仪探测了小江支流蒋家沟新、老泥石流堆积物的光谱反射率 ,总结了新、老堆积物的反射光谱特性 ,分析了影响泥石流堆积物反射光谱特性的因素 (岩性、水分含量、植被覆盖 ) ,最后讨论了应用高空间分辨率遥感图像解译泥石流堆积物的可能性。