基于实现高强度充填体要求的全尾砂膏体配比试验研究

为了解决分级尾砂作为充填骨料存在的尾砂产率低、采场滤水严重、充填成本高等问题,以某典型矿山为背景,结合膏体充填的特性,分析了该矿充填存在的主要问题,总结并提出了改用全尾砂膏体充填的必要性,开展了全尾砂充填性能评价基础试验以及室内全尾砂膏体正交配比试验研究。研究结果表明:该矿全尾砂粒度适中偏粗,适合选用全尾砂膏体充填,全尾砂膏体充填体强度与分级尾砂充填体强度相当,选用该矿原有灰砂配比1∶4和1∶8即可达到下向充填法开采所需高强度充填体要求,对采用分级尾砂充填拟改为全尾砂膏体充填的矿山具有一定参考价值。     

尾矿库伴生放射性污染清除水平估算研究

通过RESRAD程序模拟估算了某尾矿库伴生放射性污染清除水平,同时对尾矿库中的232 Th模拟估算参数进行设定,并对剂量约束限值的确定、照射情景分析、照射途径设定、模式参数设定、计算机模拟估算清除水平及估算结果分析等进行了分析研究。结果表明,此尾矿库中232 Th及其长寿命子体所致最大年有效剂量约为10.7mSv/a,超出了预设的0.25mSv/a的剂量约束限值;致癌风险0.023 5,远超出人们的可接受水平;当在剂量约束限值为0.25mSv/a时,此尾矿库土壤中的232 Th清除水平为0.047Bq/g。通过分析表明,该尾矿库开放前,必须采取一定措施,进行清除工作。     

Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain

Soil pollution by lead, zinc, cadmium and copper was characterized in the mine tailings and surrounding soils (arable and pasture lands) of an old Spanish Pb-Zn mine. Sixty soil samples were analyzed, determining the total metal concentration by acid digestion and the chemical fractionation of Pb and Zn by the modified BCR sequential extraction method. Samples belonging to mine waste areas showed the highest values, with mean concentrations of 28,453.50 mg kg(-1) for Pb, 7000.44 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 20.57 mg kg(-1) for Cd and 308.48 mg kg(-1) for Cu. High concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd were found in many of the samples taken from surrounding arable and pasture lands, indicating a certain extent of spreading of heavy metal pollution. Acidic drainage and wind transport of dust were proposed as the main effects causing the dispersion of pollution. Sequential extraction showed that most of the Pb was associated with non-residual fractions, mainly in reducible form, in all the collected samples. Zn appeared mainly associated with the acid-extractable form in mine tailing samples, while the residual form was the predominant one in samples belonging to surrounding areas. Comparison of our results with several criteria reported in the literature for risk assessment in soils polluted by heavy metals showed the need to treat the mine tailings dumped in the mine area.     

支持向量回归机在尾矿坝浸润线预测中的应用

本文提出一种基于支持向量回归机的浸润线高度预测方法,从大量尾矿库监测数据中选取有效样本,运用留一法对支持向量回归机参数进行优化选取,建立预测模型。结果表明：该方法能在小样本、高精度要求下对浸润线高度进行准确的预测。     

铜陵铜矿尾矿理化性质的变化对植被重建的影响

通过野外调查和室内分析,对铜陵不同弃置堆放时间的铜矿尾矿的理化性质及植被定居状况进行了研究。结果表明,随着堆放时间的推移,表层尾矿的稳定性增加,基质结构改善,持水肥能力提高,有机质,全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效铜及水溶性盐类含量上升,ｐＨ值降低,有的甚至出现酸化现象。铜矿尾矿的植被定居状况与其堆放时间及理化性质的变化有着密切关系。     

Influence of papermill sludge on growth of Medicago sativa, Festuca rubra and Agropyron trachycaulum in gold mine tailings: a greenhouse study

A greenhouse study was undertaken to determine the suitability of adding papermill sludge to neutral/alkaline gold mine tailings to improve the establishment of Festuca rubra, Agropyron trachycaulum and Medicago sativa. Festuca rubra root and shoot biomass and A. Trachycaulum shoot biomass were increased with papermill sludge amendment. The addition of papermill sludge and fertilizer drastically increased the shoot and root biomass of M. sativa (20-30 times) while A. trachycaulum and F. rubra showed a more moderate increase in growth. Photosynthetic pigment content of the leaves was higher in papermill sludge treatments than in the treatments without papermill sludge. The organic carbon content, macro-aggregate content and field capacity of the gold mine tailings were increased while the bulk density was decreased by the addition of papermill sludge. This study suggests that addition of papermill sludge and adequate fertilization can alleviate some of the adverse conditions of neutral/alkaline gold mine tailings.     

云南省优势矿产尾矿砂捕集及矿化封存CO2潜力分析

为了解云南省尾矿库“两个清单”中保留库的碳减排潜力,使用改进的Steinour方程计算了云南省各州市不同类型尾矿砂的CO₂固定量,根据《IPCC国家温室气体列表指南》中提供的方法计算了云南省2011~2020年碳排放量.结果表明,红河州、玉溪市、昆明市尾矿砂的捕集及矿化封存CO₂的潜力较大,占云南省保留库尾矿砂CO₂矿化封存量的65.79%;铅锌矿、赤泥、锡矿的理论固碳量较高,分别为0.201, 0.173, 0.158t/t,以上3种尾矿砂的固碳量占云南省尾矿砂固碳量的79.45%;若将云南省保留库堆存的尾矿砂全部用于CO₂的矿化封存,可减少2011~2020年间云南省累积碳排放量的2.81%,工业碳累积排放量的3.16%,采矿业碳排放量的12.36%,具有较好的工业应用前景.