湖北省雨涝灾害的风险评估与区划

随着我国灾害科学研究的不断深入及经济建设的日益发展，从风险角度分析灾害已成为灾害分析的一种新视角，它有助于决策者进行灾害管理和制定减灾策略时有针对性地选择最优技术政策，防患于末然。雨涝灾害是湖北省最严重的气象灾害之一，据统计，湖北省平均每年受雨涝危害的农田面积为80．62万hm^2，成灾面积为47．07万hm^2，特别是20世纪80年代以来湖北省工农业生产重地江汉平原和鄂东雨涝事件明显增多，严重威胁和制约着我省国民经济持续稳定发展。依据自然灾害风险分析原理，在分析湖北省雨涝灾害孕灾环境、致灾因子、承灾体密度和经济发展水平及承灾体的抗灾能力的基础上，综合评价了湖北省雨涝灾害风险程度的地域差异，以能综合体现风险程度的风险指数作为指标，将湖北省雨涝灾害分为极重度、重度、中度和轻度四个风险区，并提出了相应的对策措施，为有关部门灾害管理和减灾决策制定提供了参考依据。     

长江三峡地区坡地发育初步研究

坡地发育是地貌学研究的基本问题之一。三峡地区坡地发育的研究对三峡库岸稳定性的评估和三峡移民的土地开发具有十分重要的意义。首先从概括坡地发育的研究进展，阐述科学家们对坡地发育的不同看法入手，引出三峡地区坡地发育的特殊性。初步研究三峡地区的坡地发育具有分段式分进的特点，包括中山峰陡坡的剥蚀后退过程，山顶缓坡的风化剥蚀夷平的过程，上段斜坡的片流坡地侵蚀过程，下段陡坡的剥坡后退过程，山麓堆积缓坡的剥蚀过程等。通过分析三峡地区坡地的五种坡段的成因、现状、发展趋势以及它们对三峡库区的稳定性和三峡移民的土地开发的影响，预测未来的三峡库岸，大部分为剥蚀陡坡，部分为崩塌滑坡陡坡，三峡沿岸城镇开发建设的重点将是库岸有坡地的防护工程。     

生态社区综合评价指标体系的初步探讨

生态社区的出现和发展一直广受关注，建立生态社区综合评价指标体系对于生态社区的实践和发展具有重要的意义。本文通过对社区可持续发展理论，生态平衡理论以及生态社区本身系统特点的探讨，尝试建立一个综合评价指标体系，同时对评价指标体系应体现的功能，以及评价指标体系构建的原则做了初步探讨。     

Study on Assessing Economic Vulnerability of Small Island Regions

The main purpose of this study is to assess economic vulnerability of small island development regions as part of their sustainability constraints. By combining economic and environmental time series data, we assessed a composite index of economic vulnerability which is constructed from three exogenous variables, namely economic exposure, economic remoteness, and economic impact of environmental and natural disasters. We used the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan as the case studies for this paper.The results indicated that using a gross island products based valuation index, Kikaijima is the most vulnerable island in the Amami Islands with a composite economic vulnerability index (CEVI) value of 0.678, while by using a per capita based index, Okinoerabujima is considered the most vulnerable island with a CEVI value of 0.680. From the results we also revealed that smaller islands have relative higher vulnerability than the bigger one, which also confirms some previous country-level vulnerability studies.However, it is matter of fact that some islands that have relatively high vulnerability also have good economic performance as shown by their per capita income. In this regard, it can be argued that the success of these small islands could have been achieved in spite of and not because of their inherent vulnerability conditions as an indicator of sustainability constraint. Regarding these findings, we also examined a comparison between vulnerability results and the preliminary concept of an island's resilience in order to capture another perspective on sustainability assessment in a small island region.     

大型水利水电工程实施占用耕地补偿制度的思考

本文在分析长江三峡工程用地特点的基础上。对大型水利水电工程实施耕地补偿制度中的问题和困难进行调查研究，认为应从新的视角来认识大型水利水电工程的耕地占补平衡问题。进而探索耕地补偿制度实施的新途径和新方式。应在耕地总量动态平衡政策适当调整的基础上．将“以地补地”和“缴费补地”的方式相结合。既通过土地整理．在提商土地质量的前提下增加耕地的有效面积：又要落实耕地开垦费．扶持库区的土地整理。从而使库区的耕地占补制度顺利实施。     

太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建

从预警机制的建立与分工、预警监测时间的确定、预警监测的启动、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止、预警监测的工作流程等方面，建立了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系。指出了政府必须在资金、物资、人才、技术等方面给予预警监测体系充足的保障，确保预警监测体系长期有效地运行。     

废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化

为了更好地发挥产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件.利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20%左右.研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果.     

官地水电站竹子坝料场高边坡的稳定性分析及其影响因数研究

竹子坝料场是官地水电站混凝土浇筑骨料的重要来源之一。结合竹子坝料场的地形地质情况,以及料场开挖后形成的东、南、西三段人工边坡,运用刚体极限平衡的方法进行稳定性分析及其影响因数的研究。     

生态型港口综合评价指标体系初探

基于上海市建设生态型城市的长期目标，将港口作为城市生态系统中重要的子系统，对如何建设生态型港口提出了综合评价指标体系。通过筛选得到45项单因素指标，针对不同类型的港区有所分异，整个评价体系分为5个准则层（生态环境、经济效率、污染控制、环境管理、社会评价）和10个因素层（大气/声环境、生物资源、基底质量、经济发展、生产效率、循环经济、污染排放、清洁生产、环保投入、社会参与），并采用AHP（层次分析）法确定了各层次的权重分配。进而根据2005年上海港年均生产状况和2006年上半年的港区环境－资源调查，尝试对上海港7种主要类型（集装箱、件杂货/成品、多用途、干散、粮食港区、液散、客运）的15个港区进行了现状评估。然而，生态港评价系统的指标选取、权重制定、评估级别等实践与完善仍需要多学科和政府职能部门的参与。最后，项目还提出了水生态健康、航道淤积、生态风险、水陆景观等非定量生态港评价因子。     

On Index System and Quantitative Assessment of Eco-cities： A Case Study on Urban Agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta

Urban agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta （UAYD）, one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modem cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the construction of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony.